In the reign of the young one who has succeeded his father in the kingship, lord of diadems, most glorious, who has established Egypt and is pious towards the gods, triumphant over his enemies, who has restored the civilized life of men, lord of the Thirty Years Festivals, even as Ptah the Great, a king like Ra, great king of the Upper and Lower countries, offspring of the Gods Philopatores, one whom Ptah has approved, to whom Ra has given victory, the living image of Amun, son of Ra, PTOLEMY, LIVING FOR EVER, BELOVED OF PTAH, in the ninth year, when Aetos son of Aetos was priest of Alexander, and the Gods Soteres, and the Gods Adelphoi, and the Gods Euergetai, and the Gods Philopatores and the God Epiphanes Eucharistos; Pyrrha daughter of Philinos being Athlophoros of Berenike Euergetis, Areia daughter of Diogenes being Kanephoros of Arsinoe Philadelphos; Irene daughter of Ptolemy being Priestess of Arsinoe Philopator; the fourth of the month of Xandikos, according to the Egyptians the 18th Mekhir.

DECREE. There being assembled the Chief Priests and Prophets and those who enter the inner shrine for the robing of the gods, and the Fan-bearers and the Sacred Scribes and all the other priests from the temples throughout the land who have come to meet the king at Memphis, for the feast of the assumption by PTOLEMY, THE EVER-LIVING, THE BELOVED OF PTAH, THE GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTOS, of the kingship in which he succeeded his father, they being assembled in the temple in Memphis on this day declared:

Whereas King PTOLEMY, THE EVER-LIVING, THE BELOVED OF PTAH, THE GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTOS, the son of King Ptolemy and Queen Arsinoe, the Gods Philopatores, has been a benefactor both to the temple and to those who dwell in them, as well as all those who are his subjects, being a god sprung from a god and goddess like Horus the son of Isis and Osiris, who avenged his father Osiris, being benevolently disposed towards the gods, has dedicated to the temples revenues of money and corn and has undertaken much outlay to bring Egypt into prosperity, and to establish the temples, and has been generous with all his own means; and of the revenues and taxes levied in Egypt some he has wholly remitted and others has lightened, in order that the people and all the others might be in prosperity during his reign; and

whereas he has remitted the debts to the crown being many in number which they in Egypt and the rest of the kingdom owed; and

whereas those who were in prison and those who were under accusation for a long time, he has freed of the charges against them; and

whereas he has directed that the gods shall continue to enjoy the revenues of the temples and the yearly allowances given to them, both of corn and money, likewise also the revenue assigned to the gods from the vine land and from gardens and the other properties which belonged to the gods in his father's time; and

whereas he directed also, with regard to the priests, that they should pay no more as the tax for admission to the priesthood than what was appointed them throughout his father's reign and until the first year of his own reign; and has relieved the members of the priestly orders from the yearly journey to Alexandria; and

whereas he has directed that impressment for the navy shall no longer be employed; and of the tax on fine linen cloth paid by the temples to the crown he has remitted two-thirds; and whatever things were neglected in former times he has restored to their proper condition, having a care how the traditional duties shall be fittingly paid to the gods; and likewise has apportioned justice to all, like Thoth the great and great; and has ordained that those who return of the warrior class, and of others who were unfavourably disposed in the days of the disturbances, should, on their return be allowed to occupy their old possessions; and

whereas he provided that cavalry and infantry forces and ships should be sent out against those who invaded Egypt by sea and by land, laying out great sums in money and corn in order that the temples and all those who are in the land might be in safety; and having gone to Lycopolis in the Busirite nome, which had been occupied and fortified against a siege with an abundant store of weapons and all other supplies seeing that disaffection was now of long standing among the impious men gathered into it, who had perpetrated much damage to the temples and to all the inhabitants of Egypt, and having encamped against it, he surrounded it with mounds and trenches and elaborate fortifications; when the Nile made a great rise in the eighth year of his reign, which usually floods the plains, he prevented it, by damming at many points the outlets of the channels spending upon this no small amount of money, and setting cavalry and infantry to guard them, in a short time he took the town by storm and destroyed all the impious men in it, even as Thoth and Horus, the son of Isis and Osiris, formerly subdued the rebels in the same district; and as to those who had led the rebels in the time of his father and who had disturbed the land and done wrong to the temples, he came to Memphis to avenge his father and his own kingship, and punished them all as they deserved, at the time that he came there to perform the proper ceremonies for the assumption of the crown; and

whereas he remitted what was due to the crown in the temples up to his eighth year, being no small amount of corn and money; so also the fines for the fine linen cloth not delivered to the crown, and of those delivered, the several fees for their verification, for the same period; and he also freed the temples of the tax of the measure of grain for every measure of sacred land and likewise the jar of wine for each measure of vine land; and

whereas he bestowed many gifts upon Apis and Mnevis and upon the other sacred animals in Egypt, because he was much more considerate than the kings before him of all that belonged to them; and for their burials he gave what was suitable lavishly and splendidly, and what was regularly paid to their special shrines, with sacrifices and festivals and other customary observances, and he maintained the honours of the temples and of Egypt according to the laws; and he adorned the temple of Apis with rich work, spending upon it gold and silver and precious stones, no small amount; and

whereas he has funded temples and shrines and altars, and has repaired those requiring it, having the spirit of a benficent god in matters pertaining to religion; and

whereas after enquiry he has been renewing the most honourable of the temples during his reign, as is becoming; in requital of which things the gods have given him health, victory and power, and all other good things, and he and his children shall retain the kingship for all time.

WITH PROPITIOUS FORTUNE: It was resolved by the priests of all the temples in the land to increase greatly the existing honours of King PTOLEMY, THE EVER-LIVING, THE BELOVED OF PTAH, THE GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTOS, likewise those of his parents the Gods Philopatores, and of his ancestors, the Great Euergatai and the Gods Adelphoi and the Gods Soteres and to set up in the most prominent place of every temple an image of the EVER-LIVING KING PTOLEMY, THE BELOVED OF PTAH, THE GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTOS, which shall be called that of 'PTOLEMY, the defender of Egypt,' beside which shall stand the principal god of the temple, handing him the scimitar of victory, all of which shall be manufactured in the Egyptian fashion; and that the priests shall pay homage to the images three times a day, and put upon them the sacred garments, and perform the other usual honours such as are given to the other gods in the Egyptian festivals; and to establish for King PTOLEMY, THE GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTOS, sprung of King Ptolemy and Queen Arsinoe, the Gods Philopatores, a statue and golden shrine in each of the temples, and to set it up in the inner chamber with the other shrines; and in the great festivals in which the shrines are carried in procession the shrine of the GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTOS shall be carried in procession with them. And in order that it may be easily distinguishable now and for all time, there shall be set upon the shrine ten gold crowns of the king, to which shall be added a cobra exactly as on all the crowns adorned with cobras which are upon the other shrines, in the centre of them shall be the double crown which he put on when he went into the temple at Memphis to perform therein the ceremonies for assuming the kingship; and there shall be placed on the square surface round about the crowns, beside the aforementioned crown, golden symbols eight in number signifying that it is the shrine of the king who makes manifest the Upper and the Lower countries. And since it is the 30th of Mesore on which the birthday of the king is celebrated, and likewise the 17th of Paophi on which he succeeded his father in the kingship, they have held these days in honour as name-days in the temples, since they are sources of great blessings for all;

it was further decreed that a festival shall be kept in the temples throughout Egypt on these days in every month, on which there shall be sacrifices and libations and all the ceremonies customary at the other festivals and the offerings shall be given to the priests who serve in the temples. And a festival shall be kept for King PTOLEMY, THE EVER-LIVING, THE BELOVED OF PTAH, THE GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTOS, yearly in the temples throughout the land from the 1st of Thoth for five days, in which they shall wear garlands and perform sacrifices and libations and the other usual honours, and the priests in each temple shall be called priests of the GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTOS in addition to the names of the other gods whom they serve; and his priesthood shall be entered upon all formal documents and engraved upon the rings which they wear; and private individuals shall also be allowed to keep the festival and set up the aforementioned shrine and have it in their homes; performing the aforementioned celebrations yearly, in order that it may be known to all that the men of Egypt magnify and honour the GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTOS the king, according to the law.

Greek myths said that Circe lived in aeaea, and turned men into pig-farmers. The earliest known domestic pigs have been found in mainland Greece around 6000 BC. But pigs are also known from Egypt at a very early date, perhaps 5000 BC.

So it seems that the name greek name Aeaea, for Circe's place "on the other side of the Mediterranean Sea", was actually a reference to the third Nome of Egypt (called ia by the Egyptians).

Greece was settled at a substantially early phase of the neolithic era.

So a simple answer to your question is: yes, its possible that Greece was the origin of pig-farming. But its unlikely that "agriculture" began in Greece.

The ancient Ethiopian/Sudan culture was probably based on growing and eating the foods called sorghum and/or millet. I expect that those two plants still grow wild in some highland places in Africa.

Wesir-hapi (GR Apis, Serapis) "Wesir the Runner" Not truly a Name but a theophany, a symbol through which the essence of Netjer can be known, Wesir-hap started out as simply "Hap," the bull of Ptah kept at Het-ka-Ptah (GR Memphis) as an oracle of the Netjer. Hap-bulls were specifically marked: black except for a white triangle on the forehead, a scarab-shaped spot under the tongue, stripes resembling vultures' wings on their backs, and double-stranded tail hairs. When a Hap-bull calf was found, the bull and his mother (the cow being considered a theophany of Aset) were taken to Ptah's temple, brought out for festivals and then, at the end of the bull's (or cow's) life, possibly ritually sacrificed and shared in a communal meal. Early Egyptologists believed that the bull died of natural causes, was embalmed and laid to rest in a vault known today as the Serapeum, but recent studies (see KMT magazine archives at www.egyptology.com suggest the ritual meal theory, noting some "Apis mummies" consist of bare bones shaped in the form of bulls by bandages. Upon the death of a bull mourning rituals were held along with a full funeral, and a search was made for another bull-calf, to replace the deceased. The Ptolmaic rulers of Greco-Roman Egypt took the Hap bull-cult one step further, syncretising Hap with Wesir to create Serapis, a god whom they believed both Greeks and native Egyptians could comprehend.

Ptah - "Creator" Great Name of Netjer of Mennefer (G/R Memphis), the capital of the dual Kemetic state for most of its history, Ptah is depicted as a mummified man wearing a skullcap and bearing the symbols of life, power and stability (ankh, was, djed) in his unfettered arms, standing on the plinth which is part of Ma'at's hieroglyphic name and was used as a straightedge by stonemasons and architects. Ptah is sometimes seen as an abstract form of the Self-Created One, Who effected creation through the actions of His heart (identified with Her-wer) and His tongue (identified with Djehuty), and Who "set all the Netjeru in their places and gave all things the breath of life." As a creator (and more directly involved with the physical act of creating than either Ra or Tem), Ptah is intimately connected with the plastic arts and especially with architecture and stonemasonry, and is patron of sculptors, painters, builders and carpenters, as well as anyone who creates with his or her hands. The transit which was the stock tool of masons, and the title of Ptah's High Priest, "Master Builder," would centuries later be picked up by a pseudo-Egyptian Western fraternal organization known to the world simply as Masonry.

Sekhmet (G/R Sachmis) - "Powerful Female" First noted in a myth describing Ra's vengeance upon his enemies, Sekhmet, an unstoppable force from which humankind was delivered only by the timely intervention of a moment of levity (embodied in public drunkenness), is an "aggressive" form of the Name of Hethert (Sekhmet was not originally a Name in and of Herself; it is in fact more accurate to refer to Her from earlier times as Sekhmet-Hethert, or Hethert-Sekhmet.) Eventually Sekhmet would develop both a cult and a "personality" quite distinct from Hethert, as the Eye of Ra associated with divine vengeance. As a healer, Sekhmet's power to destroy things utterly would be invoked against the invisible "demons" of plague and disease; Sekhmet's priesthood in antiquity were trained surgeons of remarkable caliber, given the standards for medicine in the ancient world. Thousands of statues of Sekhmet, carved from Aswan red granite, were erected to line processional ways during the New Kingdom as a way to placate the "Red Lady" and encourage Her to turn back the plagues which came into the country at that time. Sekhmet as a destroyer is paired with Ptah the creator and Nefertem the healer at Mennefer, and Her destructive lioness-visage found echo in the images of the Names of Mut and Mertseger down-country in Uaset. Sekhmet's strongest attribute, like that of the lioness Her symbol, is that of appropriate action, especially appropriate violence/destruction.

Set (Sutekh; G/R Seth) - (unknown, derived possibly either from the word "to dazzle" (setken) or "stabilizing staff/pillar" (setes)) In the oldest mythologies, Set is "He Before Whom the Sky Shakes," a sky-Netjer like Heru, and specifically of the storm, with lightning and thunder His heralds. Eventually, because of His natural opposition to His brother/nephew Heru, and also because during the Second Intermediate Period, invading Hyksos forces identified their own chief god with Him, Set's reputation changed. Into the New Kingdom with the rise of the cult of Wesir, which posited Set (as lord of the desert which crept into the arable land at the end of every year) as the "murderer" of the Lord of the Black Land, Set was literally demonized, and in late periods was identified with Apep as a symbol of complete destruction and with later religions' concepts of "the Devil," including both Greek Typhon and Hebraic "Satan." It is important to note that both are non-Kemetic understandings - Set at all times, while not exactly a "nice guy," is a necessary force in the universe - that of strength and violent force - and in Kemetic myth, even Ra acknowledges this, by awarding the post of guardian of the Boat of Millions of Years to Set after the kingship is given to Heru, because Set "is the only one strong enough to do it." Set is symbolized by the ass and the hippopotamus and the pig, and sometimes the jackal (and at least theoretically the hyena); however, His main theophany is an unknown canid with square ears and a forked tail, often called simply the "Set-animal," whose species has been a mystery to Egyptologists. In late 1996, a large mammal with square ears and a forked tail allegedly was caught and killed in Upper Egypt. Called "salawa" by the locals, the animal has been theorized to be part of the family from which the South African Cape Hunting Dog comes; its extreme size and appearance lend credence to the folktales surrounding this newly-discovered desert mammal as "Set."

Yinepu (Anpu; G/R Anubis) "The Royal Child" A Name of predynastic origins, depicted either as a full jackal or as a jackal-headed man, Yinepu originally, as Khenty-amenti or "Foremost of Westerners," was both embalmer and caretaker of the deceased, and the guardian of tomb and necropolis. Over time Wesir's popularity would absorb much of Yinepu's nature, causing Him to be written into the myths as Wesir's son by Nebt-het (alternately Set's son or Aset's son) and relegating Him to the role merely of embalmer and overseer of the funerary processes. Masks of Yinepu were routinely worn by the Sem-priest officiating at the funeral and the 70-day mummification process; images of Yinepu wrapping bandages, pouring oils or embracing the coffin are generally not actually images of the Netjer Himself, but of His servants doing His work. In later times Yinepu would be syncretised with Greek Hermes and seen as a "psychopompos"or messenger/guide of the deceased soul; in Kemetic iconography, Yinepu can be seen leading the deceased person into the Hall of Double Truth, where He then weighs the deceased's heart against the feather of Ma'at.
www.kemet.org/glossary

Death, and Life and Death

In the beginning there was nothing: neither matter nor light existed. In this world lived only Death, whose name is Sa, and his wife and and their only daughter. Needing a place for his family to live, Sa eventually used his magical powers to create a vast sea of mud. They lived in this filth and instablilty for many years.

Finally the god Alatangana came to visit Sa and his familty. Alatangana was appalled at the mess in which they lived, and he condemned Sa for creating such a dirty place that lacked light and life. To set things right, Alatangana first consolidated the mud into the solid earth. However, this lifeless expanse across which he could now walk still depressed him. First he made plants to cover the new earth, and then animals to live on it. Even Sa realized that Alatangana had made the world a much better place, and he took Alatangana in as his guest.

Alatangana was wifeless, and eventually he decided he wanted Sa's daughter for his wife. Sa at first was diplomatic in refusing to let Alatangana marry his daughter, but finally he explicitly refused Alatangana's request. Alatangana, however, wooed Sa's daughter, and eventually they eloped to a distant region of the earth.

Alatangana and his new wife set up a happy home amidst the paradise that Alatangana had created from Sa's sea of mud. They had fourteen children. Seven were girls and seven were boys, and of each four had light skin and three had dark. This did not distress Alatangana, but he and his wife were shocked to find that their chidren spoke different languages that the parents did not understand.

Frustrated with this state of affairs, Alatangana finally went to Sa for advice. Sa explained that this was a curse that he had put on Alatangana's children because of the way Alatangana had stolen his daughter. Alatangana returned home, and eventually his children went off to found the peoples of the world, the French, the English, and the other European peoples, and the Kono, the Guuerze, the Manon Malinke, and the Toma Yacouba of Africa.

All these descendents of Alatangana and his wife still lived in darkness, because although Alatangana had made the life that covered the earth, he had could not find a way to make light. As before, his frustration forced him to call on Sa for help, but rather than face his hostile father-in-law, he decided to send two messengers. He chose the tou-tou bird, a small red bird that is one of the first to arise each morning in the forest, and the rooster. These two birds went to ask Sa how the world could be lit so that the new peoples of the earth could see to work.

When the two presented their problem to Sa, he invited them into his home and taught them a song with which they could call forth daylight. When the two returned to Alatangana, he was furious at the nonsense they reported about a song they had learned. He nearly killed them, but eventually he sent them on their way.

Not long afterward, the rooster broke into song, and the tou-tou bird sang its first notes. For the first time, dawn began to appear, and soon it was day. The sun that they had called forth made its way across the sky, and when it set the stars appeared to provide faint light at night. Every day since has begun the same way, with the call of the tou-tou bird and the cry of the rooster.

Alatangana was grateful for the gift that he now realized Sa had given to him and his children. Sa was not long, however, in calling for payment of the debt. He came to Alatangana and pointed out the good things that he had done despite Alatangana's theft of his daughter. Now he demanded that in return he could, whenever he liked, claim any of Alatangana's offspring. Knowing his guilt and his debt to Sa, Alatangana agreed, and so it is that Alatangana's children, the human people, must meet with Death whenever he calls for them.

quote:

---

The 10 Kings of Atlantis.
by Riven and Atalante
(and a little help from our friends at AR!)
Atlas (high mountain,to bear>sky)
Nw Africa (Morocco,Berbers,Meshwesh,Pharusii).
Gadeirus (country plain,evergreen) (Greek=Eumeleus=rich in sheep)
Iberia,Spain,Portugal.

Ampheres (to rest,at both sides)
Italy,Sicily,Sardinia.

Evaemon (fortunate woman)
Algeria,Tunisia,Libya (Atalantes,Garamantes,Ammonium,Capsian)

Mneseus (from a Trojan)
Crete (Minos,Amnisus)

Autochthon (earthborn)
Peloponnesia,Attica,Cyclades.

Elassipus (horse riding)
Turkey (Phrygia,Ionia,Caria,Ephaesus)

Mestor (NNE middle)
Phoenicia,Syria (Byblos,Tyre)

Azaes (Heat)
Mauretania (Azas,Azamor)

Diaprepes (relating to God,highly distinguished)
Egypt,Nubia,Ethiopia.

The Founders

Poseidon (Sea God, Land God, EarthShaker) Cleito’s lover.

Evenor (primeval firstborn) Cleito’s Father

Leucippe (White Horse,Spartan surname) Cleito’s mother

Cleito (emperor’s favorite) Acropolis hill, Atlantis Royal City.

Based on Atlantean migration 10,840 bC (estimated 1,240 years of growth)
Countries Liberated after Great Battle and Atlantis sinking (2850-9600 bC)

ATLANTES-of Libyan people
ATLANTICUS-of Mount Atlas
ATLANTIAS-female
ATLANTIADES-male

---

Now let me see if I can get this right. I'm looking for all the Egyptian counterparts in the kings list.
Atlas= Geb
But who is this: Diaprepes
Now onto the question. Of all the names and countries they founded which you have listed, I need the country names for the gods listed. Example: Mestor (NNE middle)
Phoenicia,Syria (Byblos,Tyre)
Mestor- The Phoenicians called him what? This is what I'm doing. In my second book of the Trilogy, Talismans of Time, I'm sending the main character back to Atlantis to rescue all the gods from the sinking continent. I wish to include characters from all the five main primary races. i.e., White, black, red, brown, and yellow. I was thinking of having the following: Egypt-black (primary), Nordic-white (i.e. I need Loke to be a conspirator to Seth/Apep), Oriental- yellow Either Japanese or Chinese, which ever culture is the eldest(can't think of any right now as it's not my forte so those will be sporadic), Native American- red - particularly Olmec, Sumerian- brown. I probably have those wrong but I can't find much info on it all so please correct me. I want Greece to fall in there too, but I'm not sure which category to fit them into, maybe I should just omit Nordic and go with the Greeks instead but then I'd need a conspirator. Heck, I need a conspirator in all of them. For lack of a better, all inclusive name, of the Creator God, I'm going to call him/her The Father Creator. Seeing as how all the gods descend from him into the other cultures.
This is just killing me, as I'm in the research phase right now and can't seem to find any solid information on the five 'root races' that started our modern civilizations. Any and all help would be greatly appreciated.

p.S. I would like to receive this in one, understandable gulp of info if that's possible. I've searched the threads and there's just so much that I can't digest it all and the fact that it's taking forever doesn't help either.

If you regard the Garden of Eden (and the origin of humanity) to be in eastern Africa, then some Diaprepes cadre of priests might be located at the southern end of Egypt (or in Nubia).

Rock,
Thanks.

To relate it to a more factual Egypt,then we could look at King Menes,or an earlier Pharaoh like Scorpion King.

As we know the word Pharaoh derived from the Egyptian word for a high priest,which relates to the meaning of Diaprepes.

Khekure: Senusret III (1878-1841 BCE)
During his reign a number of campaigns into Nubia extended Egypt's borders.

Live the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Khekure, who is given life forever and ever.

Royal command to the hereditary prince, count, ..., wearer of the royal seal, sole companion, lord of the double gold-house, lord of the double-silver house, chief treasurer, Ikhernofret, revered:

In this post I will bring up a possibility, to see if it makes sense, and to see if anyone can expand on the following comments.

Egypt had a nome named Asiut, which was the southern gateway to Egypt. The Badarians, Naqada cultures, and Gerzeans all arose near Asiut. (In fact Asiut means "protected", and thus resembles the names for two nomes of Neith which were called "Northern Shield" and "Southern Shield".)

So it would be logical for Egyptian priests at Sais to tell Solon that Atlantis had been "more powerful", or "greater", or "larger" than the combination of Libya (=a nome in Lower Egypt) and Asiut (representing the Ruling class from Upper Egypt).

Perhaps Plato (and/or his oral chain leading back to Solon) made a simple error, and confused the nome Asiut with the Greek geographical name Asia (Asia Minor). (This could lead to Plato's enigmatic proposal that Atlantis had been greater than Libya and Asia.)

Here is a link which explains the Asiut nome of Upper Egypt. http://www.eternalegypt.org/EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.element&story_id=&module_id=&language_id=1&element_id=30622

In regard to Hades: http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/Myths4.htm
Hades whose realm was located in Phrygia was most probably the Hittite king Hattusilis I 1660-1630 BC whose name rendered in Greek is Attis. The Attis death and resurrection god cult was still present in Anatolia until the Christian era.
endquote

It seems that the caital city of the Hittites (Hattusas) gave its name to the "region" of Hades in Greek mythology.

The author of this link also provides a Timeline/Chronology. http://www.argyrosargyrou.fsnet.co.uk/Myths2.htm

This shows that the Atlantean Atlas may have been a 12th Dynasty Egyptian pharoah named Wankare (Greek name: Actoes III), ca 2094 BC.

Second, note this excerpt about bull sacrifice (from Critias):

"There were bulls who had the range of the temple of Poseidon; and the ten kings, being left alone in the temple, after they had offered prayers to the god that they might capture the victim which was acceptable to him, hunted the bulls, without weapons but with staves and nooses; and the bull which they caught they led up to the pillar and cut its throat over the top of it so that the blood fell upon the sacred inscription. Now on the pillar, besides the laws, there was inscribed an oath invoking mighty curses on the disobedient. When therefore, after slaying the bull in the accustomed manner, they had burnt its limbs, they filled a bowl of wine and cast in a clot of blood for each of them; the rest of the victim they put in the fire, after having purified the column all round. Then they drew from the bowl in golden cups and pouring a libation on the fire, they swore that they would judge according to the laws on the pillar, and would punish him who in any point had already transgressed them, and that for the future they would not, if they could help, offend against the writing on the pillar, and would neither command others, nor obey any ruler who commanded them, to act otherwise than according to the laws of their father Poseidon. This was the prayer which each of them-offered up for himself and for his descendants, at the same time drinking and dedicating the cup out of which he drank in the temple of the god; and after they had supped and satisfied their needs, when darkness came on, and the fire about the sacrifice was cool, all of them put on most beautiful azure robes, and, sitting on the ground, at night, over the embers of the sacrifices by which they had sworn, and extinguishing all the fire about the temple, they received and gave judgment, if any of them had an accusation to bring against any one; and when they given judgment, at daybreak they wrote down their sentences on a golden tablet, and dedicated it together with their robes to be a memorial."

Does anyone know of a rite of an ancient culture that resembles this? I know that the Minoans worshipped the bull, but did they sacrifice it?

Another observation - except for all the mentions of temples being plated with silver, gold and orichalcum, not to mention the engineering feats, this could just as easily be a stone age, not a bronze age civilization.

Dhill,
The Ancient Egyptians (gosh I love them) sacrificed the Apis bull! There was a cult dedicated to it specifically. Interesting coincidence, huh?

I have been trying my better to refer, describe and explain a phenomenon - clearly beyond the ordinary - that occured some years ago.

As my swedish decent have given me a somewhat complete training in the Swedish language - I do live with the experience and the understanding that I fully understand and speak the normal swedish togue.

By travelling and studies I have further reached the understanding that my swedish root gives me a rather easy access to all the Scandinavian dialects. Simply because the different languages of Scandinavia are very close to each other,- and easily understandable to almost evry Scvandinavian, wherever he goes within Norway, Sweden and Denmark.

Now there is a smaller group of people outside the mentioned Kingdoms, living all along the lengthy coast-line of Finland, that speak a dialect of "Scandinavian". According to Swedish studies, done in the 1970-ties - the oldest (and therefore most original) of the Scandinavian dialects are today spoken on: "The island of Gotland and along the shores of the Botnic Bay". Which takes us very, vbery close to the Finnish dialect of the Scandinavian tongue.

With this in mind I was somehow not paralyzed by the surprize I experienced when I many years later got to learn that a very exstensive, but hereto completly unknown "Saga", - had been disclosed in Finland.

When I investigated the matter at the official "Archive of Folk Culture" in Helsinki, I was given a set of audio-tapes where the last member of a prominent Finnish family (from Strömsö Manor, the main estate in Snappertuna, where the ruins of the old and famous Raseborg Castle still exists).

The family^s name where Boxström, pronounced like "Bock-s-Stroem". The name is still quite ordinary, although the old title of "Bock" ("Buck") have been long stigmatized as "headonistic", since it refers to the ram/male-with-horns...

By 1984, the mother of Ior Svedlin Boxström died, leaving him to be the only member left of the family from the Boxströms of Strömsö Manor. In his mothers will he could read what she had already been telling him; that by her death would be marked the point in time when the familys Saga shoulds be told in public. For the first time in 750 years...

Since then Mr. Ior have been giving long speeches oulining the material - as well as numberless explanations to different sides and details of this saga. By now he has spent 20 years explaining the Saga, unfolding an incredible number of facts, informations and observations hereto unknown, - explaining the origin of man, as well as his voyage through the space-time we define as earth.

Based on the same platform as the sciences of nature, the Bocksaga gives concrete and spesific information about all major stages in the development of language, languages, culture and cultures, - given in a stringent and chronological order - from the origin all the way through periods, ages and eons of time...

The immense amount of information neccesary needed to create such an exstensive story is outruling that this may be the "creative fantasy" of one man only. Packed with references to known and unknown facts brougth by the "world myths" the Finnish claim ti be the Mother of all myths. Packed with scientific knowledge and a very high insigths of priciples and functions of nature - this myth are getting incredibly close to some of the more important things we have learnt - first time - by modern science.

Thus do the Bocksaga explain the periods of the Golden Age, Silver Age and Bronze Age, much more "scientific" (logic) and detailed, than do ANY other source, that being scientific or mythologic.

Now imagine that someone started telling you about the nature of Paradise. Stating exactly how many people who lived there, listing their political, cultural and social institutions, as well as language, customs, traditions and folklore.

Then the saga explains how the historical Paradise-time ended, to be succeded by ice-time. Or as a Swede may call it; "Alt-land-is", creating the logic to the mere fact that inside the enormous ice-cap covering Scandinavia, Northern Europe, Russia and North America.

There was a hole in the otherwise compact ice-sheet, where a smal group of people got trapped. The ice-free zones can be traced along the English Channel, where the Gulf Stream jetted into the Oslo Fjord, before turning east over Sweden to enter the Baltic Ocean, where it kept the island of Gotland - and the south coast of Finland, ice-free during the entire ice-age.

In a small area inside the Finnish Gulf did a small group of people survive ice-time. They called themselves Aser. At the very end of ice-time (10.000 years ago) they had to flee the moving glaciers, overrunning Fenno-Scandia.
Thus they escaped - by boats - to the island of Gotland, where no glacier was overrunning.

From Gotland they were later searching southern shores - after eons in isolation. During the exstensive period of Alt-Land-Is ("All-land-ice") this limited group had been "mutating" from tropicals to a bunch of palefaced, blue-eyed articals. Some 9.500 years ago they evidently reached their "Fellow Men",- being the tropicals that lived in the mediterranean area - at the time.

The further history is better known, although we may still have a lot to gain by investigating the Bocksaga, that really goes on telling the minuite history of the different cultures occuring and developing during the Bronze Age. That will be known as the period AFTER the Silver Age, known also as the period of Alt-land-is/Atlantis.

The main city of the population of Altlandis was to be found in the central part of Finlands southern coast. The city is still there as a capital.

But how do You think that Finnish scolars responded when they learnt that this story stated that their present capitol, Hel-sinki, was a large and famous capital, already tousands of years ago. Until the warlords of southern Europe managed to conquer ALL of Northern Europe and Russia, before destroying the last independant Kingdom left in Europe by 1050. The ruling warlords made sure that the old traditional culture - refered to as "hedonsim" - was duely subjugated all over Eurasia. Consequently the last pagan culture of this continent - being the core of the old high culture - did not get ransacked and plundered only. Then they terminated all traces of the last pagan capitol too. Completly.

Thats why the modern history tells us that Helsingki first was established 1550, by the Finn that became King of Sweden 1527, called Gustav Wasa. (Gustav = Good staff, aW Asa = of Aser, the first family of all arcticals). If the old capitol of Hel got destroyed 1050, it is more than a coincidence that the head of the Fenno-Swedish nobility of the 1500, started rebuilding the old capitol of Hel or Hel-stad (hel=whole). As many know Gustav Wasa was the first European king to succesfully contradict the allmigtht of mideval Rome, strating the big reformation of separating church and state, recreating the old independence from foreign masters...

Now the rest should be history. Wich it is. Just check with the thread I have produced under "New info about Atlantis!" here on the Forum. I think You should look it rather thoroughly. Then you may ask any question you like.

This would seem to indicate that none of these names are the factual names of the 10 kings, rather they are the modern translations of the Originalnames.

Therefore Gadeiros is not the real name,which so many assume that this is in fact Gades(Cadiz),Spain. For if they meant to describe a place that was rich in sheep,this could be anywhere along the mediterranean.

So we can only rely on the meanings of these names to try to locate them.
As we have seen there are many regions similiar to Gades like the Gulf of Gabes, the Agades,interior of Libya and so forth,where we seem to think that this is a Semitic name of sorts.

Therefore it could be most erroneous to take these names as their literal counterpart to their region,such as Gades=Cadiz.

That is why the 10 Kings of Atlantis,as we have discovered the meanings of their names relates to different regions of the mediterranean, though we have yet to have a solid connection to these names and to verify which Kings of Antiquity they belong to.

So we need to go backwards from the translations and see what these words are in Egyptian that would contribute to Solon's translation.

So Maria and Georgeos,what would be the Egyptian name for Gadeiros, just as you have yet to decipher the Egyptian name for Atlantis.

You see, considering that these were not the real names, any good scientist could see that they should firstly decipher these names to proper Egyptian before they would even consider Gades to be Cadiz for example.

I have corresponded with some that name Atlanteans, "Antareans". I think this is closer to the original.

Both of you have recently expressed an interest in whatever was in Greece, BEFORE 3000 BC. (dhill mentioned 9000 BC.)

There was a sea-going activity in that era to bring obsidian from the island Melos to the mainland and to other islands.

I expect that the cave of Franchthi contained the oldest evidence of trade for Melos obsidian. (Perhaps 10,000 BC.)

And scientists know that obsidian trade expanded as time progressed. Finally around 4000 BC, the Melos obsidian trade was at its peak. (Around 5500 BC, alternate sources ofobsidian were discovered in 4 islands near Sicily.)

After 5000 BC, trade in copper began increase. And ultimately copper superceded obsidian.

Critias from Perseus Tufts

[114b] who had for his portion the extremity of the island near the pillars of Heracles up to the part of the country now called Gadeira after the name of that region, was Eumelus in Greek, but in the native tongue Gadeirus,--which fact may have given its title to the country. And of the pair that were born next he called the one Ampheres and the other Evaemon; and of the third pair the elder was named Mneseus

Ancient Greek

[114b] tote Atlas: tôi de didumôi met' ekeinon te genomenôi, lêxin de akras tês nêsou pros Hêrakleiôn stêlôn eilêchoti epi to tês Gadeirikês nun chôras kat' ekeinon ton topon onomazomenês, Hellênisti men Eumêlon, to d' epichôrion Gadeiron, hoper t' ên epiklên tautêi onom' a paraschoi. toin de deuteroin genomenoin ton men Amphêrê, ton de Euaimona ekalesen: tritois de, Mnêsea men tôi proterôi genomenôi,

my literal translation from Perseus

at that time,Atlas,that but twofold among that person and to come into being a portion assigned but at the furthest point that an island motion from of Hercules blocks of stones to obtain by lot upon with that the Gadeirikes(fem)at this very time the space where things are that person there that a place to call by name in greek fashion on the one hand Eumelon there in the country of Gadeiron the very man who to be exists by surname this by name to provide that but second to come into being and on the other hand (Ampheres) fitted on both sides but Euaimona(fem) is called the third but Mnesea(fem) on the one hand that firstly who came into being

Perseus Tufts

[114c]and the younger Autochthon; and of the fourth pair, he called the first Elasippus and the second Mestor; and of the fifth pair, Azaes was the name given to the elder, and Diaprepes to the second. So all these, themselves and their descendants, dwelt for many generations bearing rule over many other islands throughout the sea, and holding sway besides, as was previously stated, over the Mediterranean peoples as far as Egypt and Tuscany.

Ancient Greek

[114c]tôi de meta touton Autochthona: tôn de tetartôn Elasippon men ton proteron, Mêstora de ton husteron: epi de tois pemptois tôi men emprosthen Azaês onoma etethê, tôi d' husterôi Diaprepês. houtoi dê pantes autoi te kai ekgonoi toutôn epi geneas pollas ôikoun archontes men pollôn allôn kata to pelagos nêsôn, eti de, hôsper kai proteron errêthê, mechri te Aiguptou kai Turrênias tôn entos deuro eparchontes

my literal translation from Perseus

that but among there sprung from the land itself that but fourth Elasippon on the one hand firstly Mestora but that last upon with but that fifth that on the one hand in front of Azaes by name to place but the latter Diaprepes. This exactness all the entire self and born of this upon wich family many to inhabit to be first rulers on the one hand many besides down with the sea island as yet still but just as if and firstly I have said even so far as the river Nile and Turrenias that within hither to be governor of

Interesting that he should say the river Nile instead of upto Egypt. Could this be the nail to bind Egypt to Atlantean Rule?

Also funny how Perseus translates sea island into the mediterranean.

P.S all you young Scientists, don't forget that in the onset of the Atlantis stories(another fact relating to prior to 900 or even 1500 bC for the matter is that)

that's right

SHIPS AND VOYAGES WERE UNHEARD OF !!!!!!
(prior to 3000 bC ring a bell??????

Critias's words, not mine.

And by the way,

PEPI was one of the,if not the, first to build a friggen CANAL in (2289-2255 B.C.)!!!

Maria,
I'm not quite sure I understand your question. I've searched for years, through thousands of books, and many sleepless nights to find the connections that link us to our pre-ancient past. I've read everything from Plato, Donnely, Hancock, West, and even so far as religious books in hopes of finding what I'm interested in.

If you asking is it by fault or because of all the research everyone else has done that I study, I'd have to say neither. I've always felt an eeriely strong connection to Ancient Egypt since my first History lesson in Elementary school on the subject. I suppose it was only natural for me to follow into the Atlantean enigma after further study in my elder years. As I dove further into the GP enigma, I started reading books that referred to Atlantis and from there is where I started going, "I would love to expose to the world all the wonders this ancient civilization may have to offer." I can see how you & Georgeos would do the same. It is just an innate love for mystery that my search continues. I take all the parts scattered throughout the world into consideration, I can't see myself basing my theories on one person (Plato) as there are many texts that predate him with equal importance, and I feel that we as a species would benefit from the knowledge not yet divulged to us. I hope that answers what I think you wanted to know.
Keep research alive.

Riven,
I think Black Box has a point, they wouldn't have called themselves by our modern names but I can see what you're saying as far as back translating the names, although that can pose problems of its own. Putting the 'meaning' into other languages to see what names pop up. We could find holes and large inconsistencies in each language. It would pose larger questions. I think the only way we will know for sure how the Egyptians translated it is to find the stone on which it is written. The languages are close but different in some respects. I do however, see your point.

BlackBox,
Yes, I too doubt they called themselves, Atlantis. Just like the Egyptians didn't call themselves, Egypt, the were called either: Kemet (KMT) or Tamera (TMR). I see a definite point to your statement.

Atlante,
Believe me when I say that I'm not leaving Sea travel out of my first book nor my second. I think it was an integral part of ancient life and should not be considered from the more remote parts of our past. It has even been suggested that Neanderthal man was capable of traveling over large expanses of water.

Riven,
That's very interesting as well and could be the linkage to Ancient Egypt and Atlantis. The literal translation does differ from the more modern version, which is some what of a shame as to be taken literally is the best way to help solve the mystery.

People, please, we don't want to bash eachother or get angry if our theories aren't accepted by others as I don't think we will all ever agree until the evidence has risen from the depths of submersion, literally and figuratively. It may take time, but if our efforts are put forth to solve the mystery rather than argue our theories, we may find similarities in those thoeries that were unrecognizable previously because of disagreements. All plausible theories are acceptable to me and I think that if we look through them on a very thorough basis we will find the common links between them all as well as the common links between all the cultures in which these mysteries thrive.
Keep research alive!

Pepi I built the (presumably) first Egyptian canal around 2250 BC.

And your link about Pepi I states that the city Hiku-Ptah was "renamed" Menfi, to commemorate the nearby-pyramid of Pepi I. http://nefertiti.iwebland.com/history3-11.htm#pepii
quote:
His pyramid was so impressive that its name, Mennefermare, was given to the area. The capital, originally named Hiku-Ptah, was renamed Mennefer, then Menfi. The Greeks later transliterated it as Memphis. Pepi built temples at Tanis, Bubastis, Abydos, Dendera and Coptos.
endquote

(note: this Egyptian city Menfi is also known as Cairo in modern English.)

Your Perseus extracts from Plato seem to say that the Atlanteans advanced to Hiku-Ptah (=Egypt? or =Cairo/Memphis?).

If the Atlantean invasion took place before the era of Pepi I, then Plato may be telling us that the Atlanteans were attacking the metropolis which we now call Cairo, but which had been called Hiku-Ptah before the reign of Pepi I (ca 2300 BC).

When we divide the past in different periods it is due to some reference of some sort. Geologists have different clockworks than does the biologist or the physicists.
In the old world things were obviously different from today. But thats about all we are able to prove, by modern science alone. Yet.

But we do know that all ancient cultures developed songs, stories and tells. We know because we may understand that a small body of information must be COMMUNICATED, in order to grow and develop. Further we know that our ancestors over thousands of years have used to organise their lives very meticiously. Prior to that there must a strong culture of communication and cultivation - to preserv and develop knowledge at all, not to say take it further.

Thats why the ability to observe, process and describe is far from new within mankind. So we may start to recognize that our ancient origins wheren`t that different to us - as human beings.

Stories of similar kind, form or nature have obviously been told all over the world. How this have come about we still do not seem to have any kind evidence for. Only theories - or?

We know that there are appearing some fragments from this old culture, still today. Ancient writings or so-called "Folklore", i.e. different stories, poems, verses are today documented within ALL indigenious cultures - around the world. It is just that nobody have had the possibility to piece all these fragments together, to an accesible body of information, getting it rigthly structured and correctly formulated. But science IS doing immense progress in more fields of study, related to this topic.

So one day we may even be able to understand the facts behind the myths found all over the place, regarding the periods of time - or rather periods of Man, called the Golden Age, The Silver Age and the Bronze Age. I dont get when and why our ancestoral historians stopped using the two first names, while they kept "Bronze Age" as a scientific term, leaving the to other periods out to dry.

If we go back to the time before Bronze Age we migth want to find a more primitive level of civilisation - since we are preoccupied with the biology-classes discussing "evolution". Often that discussion forgets that although the "Theory of Evolution" is a great general principle - or "modern expression" -of what actually happened from when the Sun started glowing til Man walked the Earth.

The Silver Age of the Myths correspond with the time science call "Icetime". Here on the Forum also refered to as "Alt-Land-Is-time" ("All-land-ice-time").

Before this age we had the real Go(o)d time on this planet, called "The Golden Age" or "Paradise-time". In todays modern science You wont find anything about it at all, since the different professions have agreed to prescribe that there were NO people existing prior to the ice-age.

Today we know better. But it may still be hard to wake up from the old presumptions, although the Facts are prevailing...

THE JANID

The following is Apollonius the Adept's description of a performance of "The Janid," the sacred history of the Gianae of Sardinia.
www.cs.utk.edu/%7Emclennan/BA/J/index.html

Here are some interesting highlights:

In Lycian land across the eastern sea,
In good King Hatys' land, a people lived,
And Rasna was the name they called themselves.

And so he gave Tyrrhenus, faithful son,
The task of leading half the people forth
To start in some far land a colony,

To Baiae, where they found Avernus Lake,*
[*mod. Lago Averno, a water-filled volcanic crater]
A lake whose roots reach down to Tartarus.

The people, called Cimmerians, put therein
Their smithies, forging famous wares of bronze,
And orgullae* they named their buried homes.

Velchans*=Vulcanus

By Eurus'* stately hall He reached the place [*ESE Wind]
Whence Sethlans* teacheth Man to harness Fire [*Hephaistos]

To Baiae, where they found Avernus Lake,*
[*mod. Lago Averno, a water-filled volcanic crater]
A lake whose roots reach down to Tartarus.

(this is also another good location for the crippled vulcan god,Hephaestus, Atalante)

Aita=Hades
The Giana called Luscinia (Nightingale
Turan=Venus
Uni=Juno
Father Tin=Jupiter
Satre=Saturn

Ati=mother=Jana
Apa=father=Jan'e

Nethuns=Neptune
Phersipnei=Persephone [Neptune's Wife]
Twelve High Gods [6 Goddesses and 6 Gods]

The foremost Rasna God is Voltumne*, [*Vertumnus]

We call the fruitful Earth our Ati Cel*.
Her ample breasts are bountiful; she hath
The Apple, and the Punic Apple* too. [*Pomegranate [*Ati = Mother; Cel is analogous to Demeter or Persephone

The Evil-Jove is Vetis*, Lord of Death
[*Vejovis, Vedjovis, Vedius]
And Devastation; He judgeth mortal souls.

Cilens*, Lady Luck,[*Fortuna]

[The Gianae divide the sky into quarters in two different ways , the Quadrants
(N, E, S, W) and the Parts (NE, SE, SW, NW), leading to eight area, which are
further halved to yield sixteen "templa" (precincts), also called "regions."

And there He hailed Nocturnos, Northern Ward.
The Seven Sisters' Quadrant* starteth here, [*Northern Q.]
The Quarter dearest to Celestial Gods
Citadel of Aquilo*, [*NNE Wind]
Happiest Part of All*.[*NE Part]
Creation's Place [*E Quadrant]controlled by Nethuns.

Ati* Catha, Daughter of the Sun,

The Fearful Regions'* Guardian of Gates, [*SW Part]
She standeth watch within the Western Wall,

Like His Companion Maris, Hercle* is [*Hercules]
A God of Strength and Martial Valor, who
Protecteth Families, their Belongings too.
He is a God of Water, Springs and Sea.

Arci, sacred Mother Mountain

City of the Sun=Heliopolis

[*1461 years, the Sothic Cycle, or Great
Year, during which time the heliacal rising of Sirius takes place on 1 Thoth, the first day of the Egyptian Wandering Year.]

[*Since this was sung in 1990, by this reckoning the Phoenix must have been created in 8621 BCE (on July 19, Julian calendar, the start of the Sothic Cycle).]

The Deep had held the Watch eight hundred years,And forty when the Dog approached His home.* [*7160 BCE]

[This message has been edited by Riven (edited 05-17-2004).]

This is right out of the Saga! All of the gods and goddesses spoken of have their most ancient root there and are planted in the new land as all the populations name their new homes with the old names.

After the decline of the Achaeans and others, after a time, the poems such as the Janid and those of Homer remained from the earlier period, but the memory of migration was lost.

It seems as though the Poetry (Sagas) were always transmitted word for word and so we are given a photographic view of the farthest past from these sources, where certain discourses of great antiquity seem to get re-evaluated by succeeding generations by politics and world-view. Thus the best history is obtained in the poetry, although there is suspicion of certain passages and sections ADDED to Homer, with such results as the "Trojan Horse".

12?

Why 12?

12 Zodiac signs. 12 Chakras, 7 for the body, 5 outside.

12 Living Libraries.

The Greeks,however,seem to have been fascinated with the number 10,such as great battles were 10 years,like Troy and Zeus vs the Titans and 10 Kings of Atlantis.

So,we have 10 and 12 bearing importance.

Here's a possible theory;

10 being a perfect number which seems to apply to creation and knowledge as we see today computers using 1 and 0.
Somehow this could apply to 10 strands of DNA to create a human,perhaps,such as 1=male sperm and 0=the womb and the egg.

Thus from 1 and 0 we create a man and a woman which equals 2 additional strands of DNA to generate 11 for male and 12 for female, or 10+1=male 10+2=female.

Such as if you draw a circle and divide with a line you have a reference to 10 and the initial split of a cell after fertilization.

So 10 =creation formula plus 2 humans=12

And as you can see man divided the horoscopes into 12 regions and their time into 12 hours. Though in antiquity there was mainly 5 planets and today we have 9 plus new ones being found, so 12 really doesn't seem to come from the planets, more from the constellations as we see in the Zodiac.

What the true meaning is we can only guess.

Rockessence, yes it is quite fascinating and exciting to see these Ancient names and the many clues they provide to us. The Cimmerians smelting bronze and where there directions were in old times. The merger's of civilizations and how they came about.
And as you've said it is not only historic documents that we find clues,but also hymns,plays,poetry etc.

So much attention seems to be focused on Cro-Magnon and the Out of Africa theory and middle east that we tend to forget about our other ancestors such as the Neanderthals,Peking man,Java man etc.

That is why I do not focus my theories on Atlantis in one location,such as Amperes,or Iberia, because the entire world has something to say of this great civilization from the temples in India to Stonehenge in Britain and the Mayan temples in S.America.

Thus you have Tribes of Atlantis bringing the entire world into one location of study and providing clues for all of us in our search for Atlantis.

This is my main interest to help all of us rather than to adhere to one theory and maintain that this is the only theory,like some people we know.

The other interesting fact regarding the Janid,is the time era the author places around 6-8k bC, which relates to my theory of the Great Flood being around 6482bC and to the Atlantis story being around 9000 years as stated by Critias.

We have pointed out that civilizations,according to DNA was at their peak around 15,000 bC and that even around 40k bC there were already advanced cultures such as the Aterians.

Here's some other clues from the Illiad by Homer;

Book II

Then King Agamemnon rose, holding his sceptre. This was the work of Vulcan, who gave it to Jove the son of Saturn. Jove gave it to Mercury, slayer of Argus, guide and guardian. King Mercury gave it to Pelops, the mighty charioteer, and Pelops to Atreus, shepherd of his people. Atreus, when he died, left it to Thyestes, rich in flocks, and Thyestes in his turn left it to be borne by Agamemnon, that he might be lord of all Argos and of the isles. Leaning, then, on his sceptre, he addressed the Argives.

Then Ulysses rose, sceptre in hand,

Now let's study the NAVAL POWERS.

Boeotians=50 ships

Aspledon and Orchomenus the realm of Minyas. Astyoche a noble maiden bore them in the house of Actor son of Azeus=30 ships

The Phoceans= 40 ships

Locrians who dwell beyond Euboea=40 ships.

Abantes=50 ships

Athens= Menestheus, son of Peteos. No man living could equal him in the marshalling of chariots and foot soldiers. Nestor could alone rival him, for he was older. =50 ships.

Salamis=12 ships

Argos=80 ships

Mycenae, King Agamemnon son of Atreus,His force was far both finest and most numerous= 100 ships

Menelaus from Lacedaemon=60 ships

Nestor=90 ships

King Agapenor=Orchomenus(rich in flocks),Arcadia=60 ships

Buprasium and of Elis=4 leaders=40 ships

Duli****m with the sacred Echinean islands, who dwelt beyond the sea off Elis led by Meges,peer of Mars=40 ships

Ulysses led the brave Cephallenians=40 ships

Thoas from Aetolia=40 ships

Idomeneus from Crete and Meriones,peer of Mars=80 ships

Tlepopemus,son of Hercules who went to Rhodes=9 ships

Nireus=3 ships from Syme

Achilles=50 ships (sacked Lyrnessus and Thebe, and had overthrown Mynes and Epistrophus, sons of king Evenor, son of Selepus)

Podarces from Phylace=40 ships (Iphiclus=rich in sheep)

Pherae by the Boebean lake,Iolcus city, led by Eumelus=11 ships

Philoctetes of Methone and Thaumacia=7 ships

Oechalian Eurytus,2 sons of Aesculapius,Podalirius and Machaon=30 ships

Asterius, and the white crests of Titanus, these were led by Eurypylus, the son of Euaemon,=40 ships

Polypoetes and Leonteus,son of Coronus,son of Caeneus=40 ships

Guneus from Cyphus=22 ships

Prothous of Magnetes=40 ships

Such were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans. Who, then, O Muse, was the foremost, whether man or horse, among those that followed after the sons of Atreus?

Of the horses, those of the son of Pheres were by far the finest. They were driven by Eumelus, and were as fleet as birds.
http://classics.mit.edu/Homer/iliad.1.i.html

I came up with 1194 ships and 4 main powers.

King Agamemnon=100 ships (Mycenae)
Nestor=90 ships
Argos=80 ships
Crete=80 ships

I would tend to agree that after the fall of Minoan Crete, Agamemnon retained their ships making him the most powerful.

"The ”Asers” in Hel constructed the Van, or present-day Finnish language, to be more perfect and exact, and to have wider variety of expressions, and to guarantee just the right tonality, in order to retain the Väinämöinen’s mythology on it’s original form, in it.
That’s why there are three ”extra” letters in Finnish, and other Scandinavian alphabets, Ä, Ö and Å.
The messages are hidden in the phonetics and in the way words are split.
One has to master both languages very well in order to be able to ”decipher” the meanings out of them.
Rot(Root) and Van are the original languages of the world, according to the Bock Saga.
Rot being the basic, simple and single sounds formed in the brains of early man, from which Swedish, spoken in Finland, is directly taken.
The Rot alphabetical system is the base for old Egyptian, Hebrew and Arabian languages too.

The nations or people of the world, and the two groups of languages, can be divided to be the descendants of either Finnish (Van) or Swedish (Rot) origin by the way the two numbers after ten (10) are written and pronounced.
In Finnish numbers are written and pronounced thus;
kahdeksan (8) yhdeksän (9) kymmenen (10), yksitoista (11), kaksitoista (12), kolmetoista (13), neljätoista (14) and so on.
The ”toista” means same as ”teen” in English.
It is there right after ”ten”.
But in Swedish and English it is counted as follows;
Eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, and then comes thirteen, fourteen, and so on.
The ”teen” comes only after 12.

So English, Scottish, German and Scandinavian people count the same way and are therefore the descendants of ”Asers”, of Finland.
The Swedish speaking people.

All the rest; those who use the decimal, or ”ten” system, in counting therefore are the descendants of the Finnish, or Van stock.
(In many different and far away languages there are words that resemble Finnish.
In Hindi over 1300 words have been detected to be very close to Finnish by one German scientist.
Santa Claus is "Van Bock" in India.
Some Pacific Ocean languages are also very close relatives, in the way they are pronounced.)
The dividing line runs inside Finland; on the narrow coastal zone and in some parts of the archipelago Swedish is mostly spoken.
In all the rest of Finland only Finnish is spoken."

[This message has been edited by rockessence (edited 05-20-2004).]

2094 or 1830 Atlas the grandson of Evenor gives his name to Atlantis

The Birth of the World
1788 BC Chaos gives birth to Gia (Mother Earth)
1770 Gia gives birth to Uranus (the Sky)
1750 Uranus rapes Gia. (Shaft tombs at Mycenae constructed between 1740 and 1450 BC)
The Hekadoncheries, Cyclopes and the Titans are born from Gia.
1710 The Titans fight Uranus and eventually he is defeated by Cronos (Saturn).
Cronos cuts off Uranus' genitals with a sickle and throws them towards Kythara. The sea begins to froth and Aphrodite emerges naked from the sea off the coast of Cyprus.
The Reign of the Titans.
1705-1675 BC Cronos (Saturn) becomes ruler of Olympus. Golden Age of Mankind (Satur rules at Knossos c.1725-1675 BC. Palace at Knossos destroyed c.1700 BC then rebuilt)
Cronos imprisons the Hekadoncheries and Cyclopes in Tartarus located in the underworld, then organises the Titans giving each a dominion. Palace is built at Olympus.
1703 BC Cronos hears a prophecy from Gia (Earth).
Cronos is warned not to take Rhea as his wife or have children with her, otherwise one of his children will dethrone him after he takes his sister Rhea as his wife, who gives birth to Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus.
Cronos swallows his children in order to avoid the prophesy but stone is substituted by Rhea in place of Zeus who is taken by his mother into hiding in Crete.
The Rise of the Gods
1703-1684 BC Zeus grows up in the Dictyan caves near Lato.
When grown he makes plans together with Rhea and Gia to free his brothers and sisters.
Zeus goes to Olympus in disguise and sits at dinner with the Titans and his father who thinking Zeus had been swallowed does not recognise him.
Zeus makes Cronos drunk, who then vomits out the gods he swallowed. The stone is also vomited. Cronos sees the stone and recognises Zeus.
Zeus and his brothers fight Cronos to make their getaway.
1684 Zeus attacks the Titans.
Some Titans side with Zeus, i.e. Prometheus, Epimetheus.
Atlas is commander of the Titans loyal to Cronos. The War lasts 10 years.
The Gods then release the Hekadoncheries and the Cyclopes from imprisonment in Tartarus, who become their allies.
1684 or 1674 Zeus takes his sister Hera as wife
1684-1674 Births of Hephaestus, Ares, Eris, Hebe.
1684 Inachus becomes king and judges that the land of the Peloponnese belongs to Hera
1674 Victory for Zeus. (Hyksos Dynasty invades and rules Egypt from 1674 to 1546 BC, Saasi[tepis] rules over Lato in Crete c.1650 BC)
Cronos is exiled to Elysia.
Zeus and the other gods draw lots for their position in the new regime.
Zeus gets to rule the heavens, Poseidon the sea and Hades the underworld.
The land is common to all of the gods.
The Affairs of the Gods.
1674-1628 The Silver or second of the Five ages of mankind begins.
1674 Zeus has various affairs with the gods and Titans. (see family trees.)
1674-67 Births of Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Athene by different mothers.
1667 Prometheus is chained to the rocks after stealing the secret of fire from the Gods and giving it to man
1667 Zeus has affair Io (Ioun) the daughter of Inachus the son of Oceanus and carries her off to Egypt. (The Hyksos king Beon also called Khyan rules Egypt 1667.5-1645.5 BC. Inscription bearing his name found on Crete.)
1664 Herakles the Dactyl holds the first Olympic Games
1659 Phoroneus the first man rules over the entire Peloponnese from Phronocium later to become Argos
1654 The gods create Pandora. Epimetheus is given Pandora to be his wife. Pandora is given a bottle as a wedding present and told not to open it. Pandora opens it and mankind suffers the consequences.
1645 Epaphus the son of Io rules in Egypt. (Hyksos king Epaphus I/Apopis I rules in Egypt 1645 BC)
1640 The battle of the Gods and Giants begins and Porphyrion is defeated.
1628 Epaphus is murdered. The Titians attempt to regain power but fail. Atlas is punished by being made to carry the heavens on his shoulders. Typhon is defeated and imprisoned under a volcano. (14 royal tombs at Mycenae date between 1650-1550 BC) (Thera volcano erupts in 1628 BC. Minoan palace at Knossos destroyed by earthquakes c.1600 BC) (Noah’s Flood takes place in 1627 BC according to the bible)
1628-1460 BC The Brazen, or third of the five ages of mankind
1628 Zeus seduces Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus (first of Zeus affairs with mortal women)
1628 Car the son of Phoroneus founds the city of Megara
1628 Apis rules over the Peloponnese and Egypt (Linear A inscription with the name Saiapis found in Crete. Epaphus II/Apopis II also known as Apis or Sarapis rules in Egypt)
1607 Argus the grandson of Phoroneus founds the city of Argos (Achaean invaders reach region of Mycenae c.1600 BC)
1572 Criasus the son of Argus becomes king of Argos.
1548 Aeolus seduces Cheirons daughter Thea.
1517 Pelasgus rules over Arcadia.
1510 Polycaon son of Lelax rules in Messenia and Myles rules in Sparta.
1504 Apollo kills Argus/Triopas.
1488-1460 Lycaon provokes the Gods anger by murdering his son Nyctimus and serving him up to the Gods.
1488 Danus flees from Aegyptus to Rhodes then takes Pelasgian Argos (c.1480 BC Tutmoses III campaigns in Asia-Minor. His inscriptions mention receiving tribute from the Danai)
1487 Lycaon king of Arkadia, introduces Zeus cult
1484 Cecrops king of Athens introduces Zeus cult
1472 Danus becomes king of Argos in the Peloponnese after Gelanor steps down
1464 The Aloads, Otos and Ephialtes sons of Iphimedeia pile the mountains on top of each other in order to reach the Gods and introduce the worship of the 3 Muses. (The biblical tower of Babel is built at the end of the reign of Phaleg 1511-1502 BC).
The Heroic Age
1460-1103 BC The Heroic second brazen, or fourth of the five ages of mankind
1460 A Flood is sent by Zeus to destroy all of mankind after Lycaon outrages the Gods. Deucalion and his family escape in an Ark which Prometheus tells him to build.
1440 Dardanus founds Troy after being given a share in the kingdom of Teucer king of Phrygia (Thurgal is king of the Hittites from 1460-1440)
1438 Zeus violates Europe, birth of Minos (Mycenaean’s conquer Minoans in Crete c.1450 BC. Earthquake destroys city of Knossos c.1450 BC. Palace is rebuilt and used until c.1380 BC)
1437 Cadmus colonises Boeotia and founds Thebes.
1421 Minos I becomes king of Crete
1420 Dionysus the son of Zeus and Semele daughter of Cadmus is born (At Pylos Di-wo-ni-so-jo is found inscribed in Linear-B c.1250 BC)
1420 Persephone the daughter of Demeter is abducted by Hades
1410 Olympic Games held 50 years after the flood
1404 Dionysus is entertained by Amphyction king of Athens
1400 Cinyras the son of Paphos the son of Pygmalion the son of Belus funds the city of Paphos in Cyprus (Cyprus is conquered by the Mycenaean’s and Minoan colony wiped out c.1400)
1399 Erichthonius now rules at Athens
1399 Erichthonius rules at Troy
1386 Dionysus known as Tauro Kranos restores Ammon as king of Egypt then conquers Damascus and all of India. (Amenhotep III reigns from 1386-1349, Aryan invaders destroy Indus Valley civilisation c.1400, Tudhaliya III (Turgal) rules the Hittites 1400-1380 BC) (According to the bible Dagon is God of the Philistines a people whose culture is Mycenaean and who are contemporaries of Abraham c.1390 BC, War occurs in Syria between 9 kings c.1390 BC )
1386 Dionysus drives Pentheus the king of Thebes to madness
1385 Cadmus leaves Thebes and goes to the Illyria
1377 Tectemus the son of Dorus founds colony in Crete and fathers Asterius (second Mycenaean wave of colonisation in Crete puts and end to Minoan palace civilisation c.1400 BC)
1374 Pandion becomes king of Athens
1370 Athamas rules over Boeotia
1365 Perseus son of Danae by Zeus is born
1363 Apollo fathers Asclepius by Coronis, daughter of Phlegyas
1360 Epopeus king of Sicyon at war with Thebes
1357 Pandions daughter Philomela marries Tereus king of Thrace to form alliance against Theban king Labdacus
1354 Erectheus becomes king of Athens
1345 or 1321 Phrixus while a boy is taken to Colchis by a Golden Lamb
1344 Pegasus the winged horse born from Medusas blood after she is slain by Perseus
1342-1320 The children of Perseus and Andromeda are born (Fortress of Mycenae built between 1400 and 1200)
1342 The worship of the 9 Muses established
1341 Perseus accidentally kills his grandfather Acrisius at funeral Games of King Teutamides father
1336 Aetolus conquers Aetolia after murdering Dorus the son of Phthia and his brothers
1333 Bellerophon goes to king Proetus court to be purified
1329 Cecrops the eldest son of Erectheus is chosen by Xuthus to become king of Athens
1325 Amphion kills Lycus and becomes king of Thebes
1320 Melampus the seer cures the madness of the Argive women and receives one third of Proetus kingdom and his brother Bias another third. First temple built to Dionysus.
1315-1264 Pelops the son of Tantalus king of Phrygia and Lydia flees Asia Minor and rules in Pisa and Olympia (Mursilis king of the Hittites whose name is Candaules in Lydian dies in 1315 BC)
1314 Pelops sister Niobe marries Amphion king of Thebes
1314 Pelops holds Olympic Games
1314 The Argonaughts Calais and Zates are born to Oreithyia and Bores
1314 Pelops marries Hippodamia
1310 Electryon becomes king of Mycenae
1309 Pandion becomes king of Athens and is expelled by the sons of Metion
1301 Oebalus becomes the second husband of Gorgophone the daughter of Perseus
1300 or 1290 Laius caries off Chrysippus the son of Pelops and Astyoche
1299 Minos II the grandson of Minos becomes king of Crete after Asterius dies (Most Linear B inscriptions found date from 1250-1175 BC and no earlier than c.1350-1300 BC)
1293 Alcius the son of Perseus kills Busaris the king of Egypt and his son after escaping from being taken prisoner to be sacrificed in order to put an end to a long famine (Horemeheb known also as Moeris or Bocchoris reigns in Egypt from 1321-1293 followed by Ramses I 1293-1291 during a period of pestilence) (Biblical famine of Joseph occurs in 1310 BC)
1290 Procris leaves her husband and is seduced by Minos in Crete
February 10 1286 Herakles is conceived when Zeus extends one night into three (Total solar eclipse over Aegean)
November 4 1286 Herakles is born and named Palamon
1286-1264 Sthenelus takes throne of Mycenae after Amphytrion kills Electryon son of Perseus
1285 Herakles strangles 2 serpents sent by Hera
1285 Eumolpus attacks Athens and is defeated by Ion and Erectheus
1285 Asclepius is born to Arsinoe, the daughter of Leucippus
1284 Aegeus regains Athens from the sons of Metion
1283 Bias killed by his nephew Pylas
1282 Aeacus helps Poseidon build the walls of Troy for Laodamaon now king of Troy
1274 Pelias imprisons Aeson and takes the throne after the birth of Jason
1271 Theseus is born
1270 All of Greece plagued by earthquakes and famine due to Pelops murder of Stymphalus or the Athenians murder of Androgeus and Aeacus is sent to pray for deliverance.
1270 Aegeus accidentally kills Minos son Androgeus at Games held in honour of Laius king of Thebes and is forced to pay a tribute of 7 Athenian boys and girls every 9 years
1269 Atreus and Thyestes march against Laius the king of Thebes (Hittite inscription bearing the name Atreus and accusing him of raiding their territory dates to c.1250 BC)
1269-1235 Oedepus kills Laius the king of Thebes and marries his own mother
1268 Herakles lies with Thespius 50 daughters and kills the Lion of Cithaeron
1264 Herakles marries Megara after defeating the Minyans while Creon is king of Thebes in place of Laius
1258-1246 The Labours of Herakles take place while Eurestheus is High King of Mycenae (Walls of Mycenae extended and Lion Gate built c.1250 BC. Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls c.1250 BC)
1252 Theseus kills the Minotaur at the centre of the Labyrinth built by Daedelus (Place called Daidaleion mentioned in Linear-B inscriptions found at Knossos dating to c.1250 BC)
1251 The Caledonian Boar hunt
1248 Herakles goes to Hades to bring back Alcestis the wife of Admetus and Cerberus
1247 The marriage of Peleus to his second wife Thetis
1246 The birth of Achilles
1246 The 4 month long voyage of Jason and the Argonaughts (Mycenaean artefacts found in southern Italy and Sicily c.1400-1200 BC)
1246-1242 Herakles is sold as a slave to Omphale after killing Iphitus
1246 Eumolpus is victorious in the flute contest at Pelias funeral games
1245 Orpheus tries to rescue Euridice from Hades
1243-1238 Herakles settles old scores in the Peloponnese
1243 Herakles sacks Troy and puts a young Priam on the throne (Troy VII destroyed c.1250 BC)
1242 Herakles conquers Elis and establishes Olympic Games. Polyduces is champion Boxer.
1241 Herakles places Nestor who is still a boy on the throne of Messenia after killing his brothers and father king Neleus of Pylos for helping the Elians (Pylos falls c.1250 BC).
1240 Herakles restores Tyndareus at Sparta.
1239 Herakles defeats the sons of Hippocoon and restores the throne of Sparta to Tyndareus
1239 Herakles leaves the Peloponnese and marries Deianara
1238 Hyllus is born
1236 Media flees from Corinth after murdering Glauce the daughter of Creon
1235 Herakles exiled to Thrachis after killing one of Oeneus kinsmen
1234 Nessus carries of Deianara and is killed by Herakles with a poison arrow
1233 The births Clytemnestra & Helen to Tyndareus and Leda (Last of Zeus's affairs with mortals)
1232 Cheiron accidentally shot in the foot while entertaining Herakles and Achilles his student, forcing him to give up his immortality
1230 The birth of Paris. Laius becomes father of Odysseus.
1229 Herakles kills Cycnus the son of Ares
1227 Prophecy revealed from Oracle of Dodona that Herakles would die in 15 months after carrying off Iole
1226 or 1223 Herakles dies and becomes a god

1225-1103 BC The Hellenic Wars
1225 The 7 against Thebes
1224 Theseus captures Thebes and buries the bodies of the seven which were left unburied by Creon.
1223 Eurestheus defeated by Theseus and beheaded by Hyllus the son of Herakles
March 5 1223 Atreus takes the throne of Mycenae (Total solar eclipse over Aegean)
1221 Theseus abducts Helen when she is 12 years old and he is 50 and spends {1}4 years in Tartarus after being forced to flee Athens by Helens brothers
1220 Castor, Polyduces and Idas and Lynceus begin feuding
1218 After several bad harvests Atreus is slain by {1}7 year old Aeigisthus and Thyestes takes the throne of Mycenae (Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls of Mycenae c.1200 BC)
1215 Agamemnon is restored as king Mycenae by Thyestes.
1215 The Epigoni attack Thebes (Theban palace destroyed c.1200 BC then reoccupied)
1213 Herakles mother Alcmene dies at the age of about 90
1213 The Beauty contest. Meneleus marries Helen.
1212 Hermes steals Apollo’s cattle.
1207 Theseus is freed from Tartatrus by Herakles (probably Hyllus).
1207 The Heraklids attack the Peloponnese.
1206 Theseus is killed.
1203 Hyllus the son of Herakles is slain at the Isthmus of Corinth while fighting in single combat against Echemus (Cyclopean defensive Wall built at Isthmus of Corinth c.1220-1200 BC.)
1203 Helen is abducted by Paris. (Indications of Invasion of Mycenae by people from Central Asia c.1200-1190 BC. Serious destruction at Mycenae c.1200 BC.)
1201 First Gathering at Aeolis
1193 Second Gathering at Aeolis. The attempted sacrifice of Iphigenia. (Inscriptions bearing the name Iphimedeia found at Knossos)
1193-1183 The siege of Troy (Troy VIIA destroyed c.1200 BC) (According to Manetho the Biblical Exodus takes place in the reign of Seti II 1199-1193 BC)
1183 The capture of Troy
Jan 12 1183 The return and murder of Agamemnon (13 Gamelion 1183) (Total solar eclipse over Aegean/Anatolia)
1183-1173 The Odyssey (A massive tidal wave swamps the Aegean and reaches Cyprus in c.1200 BC)
1183 Agapenor becomes king of Paphos in Cyprus
1180 Teucer founds Salamis in Cyprus
1179 Odysseus held captive by Calypso
April 16 1178 The suitors vie for Penelope (Total solar eclipse over Aegean)
1175 Meneleus flees Egypt (Ramses III expels Sea-Peoples from Egypt in 1175 BC)
1175 The vengeance of Orestes against Cytemnestra and Aegistheus
1175-1174 Orestes is pursued by the Erinnyes
1173 Odysseus returns to Ithaca. Hermes fathers Pan by Panelope
1173 Orestes kills Aletes son of Aegistheus grandson of Thyestes after he usurps the throne when Orestes ends his search for Iphigenia
1160 Odysseus is accidentally killed by his son Telegonus
1153 Autesion expelled from Thebes after he defects to the Heraklids.
1153 The Herakilds resume their attacks on Mycenae fifty years on.
1153 The Pelasgians and Thracians capture Thebes
1150 Orestes is told by the Delphi Oracle to move from Mycenae to Arkadia. (Indications of serious destruction of houses outside walls of Mycenae c.1150 BC)
1150 Demophon dies in Cyprus
1130 The Cadmians return to Thebes and expel the Pelasgians who then flee to Athens.
1130 Penthilus the son of Orestes seizes Lesbos
1129 Xanthus the last king of Thebes is killed in a duel with Andropompus or Melanthus who becomes king of Athens.
May 18 1124 Tsiamneus the son of Orestes rules over Mycenae (Total solar eclipse over Aegean)
1113 The first Dorian fleet is sunk at Naupactus
1103 The Heraklids defeat Tsiamneus the son of Orestes and conquer the Peloponnese. (Indications of Invasion of Mycenae by people from Central Asia c. 1100 BC. Attack on Asia Minor by Tiglath-Pileser I king of Assyria in 1110 BC who names the God Herakles in his inscription)
1103 BC The last of the five ages of mankind the Iron age

The Spartan Archaic Age

1103 In a lottery Eurysthenes and Procles the sons of Aristodemus win Sparta and Cresphontes gets to rule Messenia.
1103 The Ionians flee the Spartan onslaught and seek refugee in Athens.
1092 Codrus succeeds Melanthus as king of Athens. The Palasgians are expelled from Athens and flee to Lemons where they expel the Minyae. These Minyae help Tharas colonise the island named after him.
1071 Medon succeeds Codrus and reduces the archonship to a maximum duration of 10 years. The Athenians found colonies with the Ionians in Caria and other parts of Asia led by Neileus the son of Codrus and Philistus the son of Pasicles (The Philistines rule most of Palestine from the time of Sampson to the end of the reign of Saul 1075.5-1016.5 BC)
1064 Cresphontes is murdered and the sons of Aristodemus help his youngest son Aeyptus win back the throne
1061 Patreus the son of Preugenes founds city of Patrae in Achaea.
1052 Gras the son of Echelas son of Penthilus occupies Aeolis.
1030 Echestratus removes all the Cynurians of military age, alleging as a reason that freebooters from the Cynurian territory were harrying Argolis.
995 Labotas becomes king of Sparta
979 War against the Argives for annexing the Cynurian territory which the Spartans had captured, and causing revolts among their subjects the Perioeci.
958-883 Peace in Sparta.
940 Homer writes his poems.
900 The Athenian navy is defeated by the Aegentans who then begin trading with Arcadia.
883 Charillus is made a ward of Lycurgus.
880 Lycurgus collects together the works of Homer.
865 Charillus devastates the land of the Argives and helps Archelaus to destroy Aegys then campaigns against Tegea in vain.
860 Eumelus writes the history of Corinth.
825 Teleclese conquers and reduces Amyclae, Pharis, and Geranthrae, cities of the Perioeciis
800 Hesiod is murdered.
785 Teleclese is murdered by the Messenians in the sanctuary of Artemis
776 The Olympics is revived at Elis in the 10th year of Theopompus
762 The provocation for the first Messenian war occurs when Euaephnus murders the son of Polychares in a dispute over stolen cattle and Polychares takes revenge on the Spartans
758 Androcles is murdered and Antiochus rules Messenia alone but soon dies and his son Euphaes is king.
758 The Spartans attack Ampheia. The first Messenian war starts.
754 Polydorus becomes king of Sparta.
738 The first Messenian war ends
735 Perdikkas flees from Argos to Macedonia and conquers the land
734 Polydorus sends colonists to Italy
727-717 Hippomenes archon of Athens kills his daughters adulterer by yoking him up to his chariot and then locks his daughter up with a horse until she dies
719 Polydorus the king of Sparta is murdered by Polymarchus
716 The reign of the Heraklids over Lydia is ended when Candaules known as Myrsilus to the Greeks is murdered by Gyges because of his wife’s anger
690 Phidon becomes tyrant of Argos
685 The second Messenian war begins
665 The second Messenian war ends
656 Cypsilus subjects Corinth to tyranny
645-560 Spartan wars with Tegea all unsuccessful
642 or 634 Battus establishes a Greek colony in Lybia
632 Cylon attempts to subject Athens to tyranny
626 The tyranny in Corinth is continued by Periander
606 Arion is rescued from being drowned by pirates by a Dolphin
593 Solon reforms the Athenian constitution and departs
28 May 585 A total Solar Eclipse predicted by Thales the Milesisan ends war between the Lydian’s and Medes
570 Solon visits the court of Ahmose II
560 The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi advises Anaxandridus and Ariston to find the bones of Orestes and rebury them to obtain success in their battles. The Spartans win the war with Tegea

The Athenian Age

560 Peisistratus seizes power in Athens and begins a 49 year long tyranny under his and his sons rule
546 Cyrus takes Lydia and harshly treats the Ionian and Achaean colonies who fought alongside Croesus
540 Pythagoras teaches mathematics and philosophy
507 Clisthenes leads the people Athens
490 The Persians are defeated at the Battle of Marathon
480 The Battle of Salamis is won by the Greeks and the Athenian Golden Age begins
447 The Parthenon is built
440 Herodotus writes his histories
431 The Peloponnesian War begins
411 Evagoras captures Tyre
404 The Peloponnesian War ends in defeat for Athens
399 Socrates is sentenced to death
371 The Thebans defeat Sparta and restore the Messenians to their homeland
362 Phillip II becomes king of Macedonia
338 Phillip II conquers Greece

The Hellenistic Age

336 Phillip II is assassinated and Alexander III succeeds to the throne and begins his conquest of Persia
332 Alexander conquers Egypt
330 Alexander conquers Persia
323 Alexander dies of malaria in Babylon
321 Seleucus Nikator rules over Syria
305 Ptolemy Soter becomes Pharaoh of Egypt
301 Cassander allows the Thebans to return to Thebes
285 The Library of Alexandria is founded by Ptolemy II Philadelphos
279 The Gauls invade northern Greece
278 The Gauls invade Asia-Minor
262 The Septuagint is placed in the Library of Alexandria
236-228 The Spartans under Cleomenes win a decisive victory at Dyme over the Sicyonians under Aratus, who attacked him, and afterwards conclude a peace with the Achaeans and Antigonus king of Macedonia.
222 Cleomenes breaks his oath and is defeated by the Achaeans under Antigonus.
222 Antigonus hands the rule of Macedonia to Philip, the son of Demetrius who attempts to subdue Greece. The Athenians unite with the barbarians and seek help from Rome.
218 Hannnibal annihilates the Greek colony of Saguntum in Iberia violating a treaty with Rome which results in the Romans declaring war, which lasts 16 years.
198 Antiochus Megas annexes Palestine to the Seleucid empire and expels all the Egyptians.
197 Philip fighting against the Romans under Flamininus is worsted at the place called Dog's Heads.
192 The Spartan monarchy collapses and Sparta falls under Roman influence.
176 Antiochus Epiphanes becomes king of Syria.
170 Antiochus attacks Egypt and then secures Palestine.
168 Perseus the last king of Macedonia is defeated by the Romans.
168 Mattathias rebels against Antiochus who suppresses the rebellion after a year and builds a fortress in Jerusalem. Mattathias is killed and his Judas takes over his position as rebellion leader.
166 Antiochus embarks on a campaign to suppress an new rebellion in Judea. Lysias falls on Judea with 60,000 soldiers.
165 Judas Maccabee gains a limited victory in Jerusalem
164 Antiochus Epiphanes takes Egypt then dies while raiding the temple of Artemis in Persia. Antiochus Eupator succeeds him king of Syria.
163 No crops are laid in Jerusalem and Judas attacks the citadel fortress. Certain Jews protest. Antiochus Eupator marches against Judas and lays siege to the temple.
163-162 Antiochus calls off the siege to engage Philip as he comes out of Persia. He makes peace with Judas but breaks his word. Meneleus is put to death after 10 years in office and Alcimus is made high priest
162 After reigning two years Antiochus is put to death by Demetrus son of Seleucs who comes out of Rome and takes Tripoli. Ader Nicanor is crushed
161 Bacchidies sent to fight Maccabee
158 Alcimus is high priest 4 years then dies of stroke after attempting to pull down a sanctuary wall and Judas is made high priest by the people.
156 Judas dies after 3 years as high priest.
152 Alexander the son of Antiochus reigns opposing Demitrius. Jonathan Apphus the brother of Judas plays them both off. Alexander takes Ptolomais. Jonathan is made king of Judea by Alexander.
151 Alexander is given Cleopatra to be his wife.
148 Demetrius dies after a reign of 11 years and Demitrius the son of Demitrius comes from Crete to take his place.
146 Demitrius is now given Cleopatra to be his wife and becomes king. Ptolemy Philometor dies.
146 Macedonia and Achaia are both made provinces of Rome.
144 Simon Thassi becomes high priest and takes three years to level the citadel fortress.
143 Demitrius exempts Judea from Taxation.
142 Simon captures the Gazara citadel. Trypho kills young Antiochus Dionysus son of Alexander who reigns 4 years. Trypho flees.
141 Demitrius marches into Media to make war on Trypho and is captured by Asaces king of the Medes and Persians. Simon makes an alliance with Rome
138 After 3 years Trypho is captured and put to death by Antiochus Euergetes son of Demetrius. Antiochus reigns uneasy at misery brought by Simon
136 Simon is murdered by Ptolemy son of Ababus after reigning 8 years.
135 Antiochus Euergetes (or Sidetes) invades Judea in the first year off of Hyrcanus and takes back Joppa, and the havens, and Gazara, and the springs of Jordan, and the several other cities. Hyrcanus renews the alliance with Rome.
129 Demetrius returns to power
125 Alexander Zebina supported by Ptolemy Physcon (Euergetes) defeats Demetrius in battle. Demetrius flees to Ptolemais then Tyre where he is caught and slain.
123 Alexander Zebina makes a league with Hyrcanus but is defeated in battle by Antiochus Grypos.
121 Antiochus Sidetes dies.
121 Antiochus Grypos brother Antiochus Cyzicenus raises an army an the two continue at war for many years.
116 Hyrcanus takes the temple in Samaria 200 years after it was built and utterly demolishes it.
107 Ptolemy Lathyrus (Soter), takes Cyprus after being ousted from the government of Egypt by Cleopatra his mother
106 Aristobalus reigns in Judea 481 years and 3 months after the Babylonian captivity and makes Judea into a kingdom but dies shortly after.
105 Alexander Janneus rules over Judea.
96 Alexander Janneus besieges Ptolemais and Gaza but lifts the siege fearing intervention by Ptolemy Lathyrus.
96 Alexander tries to dupe Ptolemy with a false alliance but is found out and Ptolemy sets out to lay waste to Judea.
96 Alexander Janneus raises an army of 50 or 80 thousand men to meet Ptolemy but is utterly defeated near Saphoth on the river Jordan.
95 Cleopatra sends troops into Judea and Syria and her son Alexander with a fleet to Phoenicia to go after Ptolemy, but Ptolemy sets off for Egypt and is eventually driven back.
90 Alexander Janneus own people fall out with him and send for Demetrius III Eucerus who defeats him.
87 Demetrius departs out of Judea and besieges his brother Philip at Berea but is captured and sent to Mithridates Sinax in Parthia where he dies.
87 Antiochus Eucerus makes and expedition against Judea and falls to the Arabian king Aretas. Arems then placed over Celesyria.
84 Arems attacks Judea and defeats Alexander Janneus but retreats after coming to an agreement.
83 Tigranes, the king of Armenia, takes Syria with five hundred thousand soldiers.
81 Alexander Janneus takes over two dozen cites after warring for three years and dies three years later.
69 Antiochus Asiaticus restores the Seleucids to power.
65 Sextus Caesar conquers Syria.
64 The Seleucid empire falls to Rome.
51 Cleopatra rules over Egypt with Ptolemy XIII.
47 Ptolemy XIII is murdered by Cleopatra and Julius Caesar.
44 Julius Caesar is murdered.
30 Cleopatra and Marcus Antonius commit suicide after they are defeated by Octavian.