The Gebel-Arak knife dated to between 3-4000 bC strongly depicts ships with Etruscan symbols,such as the noticeable dragon ball claw on the rear of the ships with an Orb in it's talon.
http://nefertiti.iwebland.com/knife_of_gebel_el_arak/

The ships are definitely foreign as we can tell by looking at these examples of Egyptian ships circa 2500bC-600bC.
http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/seagoingvessels.htm

The other interesting thing is that the foreigners being attacked with the long hair look like the Maxyans as described by Herodotus. Definitely Libyan ancestors I would say.

What I think is that maybe these invaders were the Tarxin(Tarshin) sea peoples from Malta and perhaps they could also be related to the mysterious Etruscans as we can see from the short hop to Sicily and up into Italy.

In either case we see a form of Atlantean controlled Tyrrhenians attacking the borders of Libya and Egypt!

Cerveteri and its ancient Etruscan burial city.

The Latins knew it as Caere, the ancient Etruscans as Kysri, the location now known as Cerveteri was one of the more powerful cities of ancient Etruria.
Rome's dominance eventually lead to its destruction but not before the Etruscans had built the most extraordinary necropolis there.
http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_civilisation_civilization/cerveteri.htm

It is situated close to the coast north of Rome and if you visit you will find a veritable city of the dead (area known as the Banditaccia necropolis). Vaguely reminiscent of ancient Egyptian burials you will walk around an ancient city, the housing being made up of a huge number of burial mounds. It is said that the inspiration for the Pantheon of Rome is to be found here. The inside of these mounds was structured very much like the ancient homes of the Etruscan people with stairs, rooms, chairs and even utensils being carved out of the volcanic rock. The burials were often hidden away in unobtrusive nieches. A picture of one of the most famous interiors is attached:

The wealth of Cerveteri came from both agriculture and metal taken from the nearby hills and traded with the rest of the world through the nearby ports such as Pyrgi (see map). It shared such dominance, wealth and infrastructure with Tarquinia further up the coast. Some of this wealth is now to be found in the Villa Giulia (Rome) and Vatican Museums (the Gregorian Museum), not to mention the British Museum, NY and Louvre. The finds of the Regolini-Galassi tomb and burial being particularly worthy of note (Vatican).

Cerveteri is an unforgettable must.

Here at Montalto Marina we find an ancient Italian picture of a ship still carrying this tradition of the Dragon claw holding the Orb.!
http://www.mariamilani.com/property/mom16.htm

Here's a little memoir of Atlantis.

In the tomb of the Lionesses, check out the blue Azure robe !
http://www.mysteriousetruscans.com/tarlioness.html

Ships of Antiquity: Ancient Ships Web
http://www.artsales.com/Ancient%20Ships/aTableofContents.htm

May we have another year of rewarding discoveries in our search for Atlantis.

OF THE CAUCASUS ISTHMUS

by

REGINALD AUBREY FESSENDEN

FORMERLY

HEAD CHEMIST TO THOMAS A. EDISON;

PROFESSOR OF POST-GRADUATE MATHEMATICS AND

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH;

ENGINEERING COMMISSIONER ONTARIO POWER COMMISSION

BOSTON

T. J. RUSSELL PRINT

32 HAWLEY STREET

1923

[quote]One instance of this is the remarkable and unsuccessful search of the Phoenician traders for the lost Pillars of Hercules. (Strabo, II. 5.) Remarkable because, as will be shown, it was the ocean (the "Asiatic Mediterranean" of geologists, see Encycl. Brit. art. Caspian; the Ocean of Atlantis of the ancients), which had disappeared and not the pillars marking its entrance. And unsuccessful because, owing to the changed meaning of a word, the search was made west instead of east. An interesting example in Greek history is the founding of Cyrene by the Theraeans. (Herod, IV. 155.)

It was therefore very disturbing to the Greeks that in some of the older myths the routes stated to have been taken on certain expeditions could not be reconciled in any reasonable way with the known geographical facts. Why did Hercules, returning to Tiryns with the oxen of Geryon, from Gades and the Pillars of Hercules, pass through the country on the north shore of the Black Sea. Why did not Mt. Atlas, in Libya, correspond with its description in the myths. How was it that the Argonauts, after entering the mouth of the Danube, passed through Egypt on their way to the Adriatic. Where were Hyperborea, the red island, Erythia, the islands of Ogygia and of the Hesperides. There were many writers on the subject but Herodotus and Strabo are perhaps the best to consult for examples of the difficulties met with and illustration of their apparently insuperable nature.

c. The expeditions whose objective was in the far west, in the Atlantic Ocean, beyond the Pillars of Hercules, e.g. the expeditions for the apples of the Hesperides and for the oxen of Geryon, always first went east, into and along the shores of the Black Sea, to the Caucasus; then, with some incoherency as to route, appeared in the Atlantic Ocean, accomplished their quest, and after a second vagueness as to itinerary, returned by way of the shore of the Black Sea to Greece.

d. In a number of instances members of the same family lived, some in the far east, some in the far west; no reference to or explanation of the separation is given, and the members apparently remained in communication. E.g. Prometheus was in the Caucasus, and Echidna and Typhon in its neighborhood; but Atlas and the Hesperides (the brother and nieces of Prometheus) and Geryon (the brother of Echidna) and Orthus (son of Echidna and Typhon) were beyond the Pillars of Hercules, the exit to the Atlantic Ocean.

e. In some instances there was contradiction as to locality. E.g. Mt. Atlas was usually placed on the shore of the Atlantic, but sometimes in the Caucasus; the country of the Hyperboreans was placed sometimes far west, sometimes not far from the Black Sea.

f. There is a gap in the geography of mythology. There are many myths connected with places lying east of Sicily and west of the Caucasus, and many with places in the Atlantic Ocean, but none with the region between Sicily and the Atlantic Coast.
http://www.radiocom.net/Deluge/Deluge1-6.htm

Thanks to a link provided by John Sweat in his website;
http://webpages.charter.net/anthropogene/index.html

Many people are not aware that Poseidon had his own season.

The name of the Greek god Poseidon (or Potidan) is explained by Robert Graves as meaning: "he who permits drinkable water to run off a wooded mountain". http://www.angelfire.com/wizard/whitemagik/gods/poseidon.html

Moreover, one month of the calendar was dedicated to Poseidon in the classical Greek era. That was the month when the sun died, near the winter solstice (i.e. near December 21), and the seasonal creeks (or wadi's) were flowing with water. In climates which are called "Mediterranean" there are two very distinct seasons, a dry summer and a wet winter. Presumably at some early date Poseidon was the ruler of the whole 6-month wet season in Mediterranean climates. But after Zeus (the god of daylight, brightness and dryness) gained control of the Olympian deities, Poseidon lost control of 5 of his 6 months in the Greek calendar.

Homer was faithful to this "death of the sun" theme in regard to Poseidon. In the Odyssey, where Poseidon is haunting and tormenting Odysseus while chasing him around the Mediterranean Sea, the weather is continually described as chilly, wet, and wintery, as would be expected for typical December weather.

The Greek city of Corinth held an annual festival of athletic games, in honor of Poseidon. The date of these games was Dec 23, which was intended to mark the winter solstice (=Dec 21 in modern calendars).

In Plato's Atlantis theme, the followers of Poseidon assemble their government once every 5.72 years to intercalate an extra 30-day month into their 360-day year. A similar calendar (with intercalated months approximately 6 years apart) has been followed by the Zoroastrian religion, presumably dating back to at least the holy man Zoroaster (ca 600 BC). http://www3.sympatico.ca/zoroastrian/cal.html

According to Robert Graves, there was an alternative calendar in ancient times, based on 3 seasons per year. Presumably this number 3 represents 3 full seasons plus an intercalated 5-day-period in July to honor birthdays for five of the ennead Gods of Egypt (especially the god Set; but also Isis, Osiris, Horus, and Nepthys) That 3-season calendar was memorialized in Greek mythology as an ogre, a 3-headed she-goat which was named the Chimera. In Greek mythology, Bellerophon fought (and won) a war against the Chimera while he was in Cilicia. Bellerophon's war occurred in the same region, and in approximately the same era, when the Sea Peoples (who included some proto-Greek peoples) attacked and initially overthrew the Hittite empire (ca 1200 BC) before turning south to invade Palestine and Egypt.

The traditional Egyptian calendar was divided into 3 seasons of 120 days each. The seasons were Inundation (Aug-Nov), Sowing (Dec-Mar), and Summer (Apr-Jul), plus the 5 epagomenal days in July. http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/ideology/festivaldates.html

During the New Kingdom, Egypt was dominating the Levant. Consequently Bellerophon would have encountered Egypt's calendar at the border between Hittite and Egyptian regions; and that is precisely where Greek myth claims he encountered the Chimera and killed it.

The greek Chimera-beast has a cognate semitic name: "chamor", which is the name of the ruddy-colored donkey which was the symbolic animal of the evil Egyptian god Set. In the Hebrew bible, chamor donkeys do NOT appear in the period of prediluvial Patriarchs, but do appear beginning in the era of Abraham, and then only after Abraham had migrated south and settled in Beersheba, among the proto-Philistines (Genesis 22). Moses gave the Israelites some strict rules: You shall not covet your neighbor's Chimera/donkey (Exodus 20:17). "Every first-born chimera/donkey you will redeem from your flocks. If you do not redeem it, then you must break its neck. Of your sons, every first-born of men must be redeemed. And when your son asks you in days to come, ' what does this mean?', you will tell him..." (Exodus 13:13-14)

A functional equivalent of those Mosaic sacrifices/redemptions was followed among the ancient Greeks, who sacrificed domesticated animals and humans to Poseidon. http://www.angelfire.com/wizard/whitemagik/gods/poseidon.html

The Bible also mentions white donkeys, using the term "athon", which aludes to their "endurance". During the Israelite Exodus, these athon white donkeys were in use around the Dead Sea among the Moabites, and also among the copper-mining Midianites of the Sinai peninsula. It is possible that ancient Egyptians did not link the white athon donkeys to the Egyptian god Set, who was symbolized by red donkeys. The terminology of "endurance" donkeys indicates that selective breeding had taken place.

Modern DNA research has demonstrated that all modern donkeys have descended from two mother donkeys from Ethiopia and/or Nubia. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/304/5678/1781/DC1/1

From above...

"Moreover, one month of the calendar was dedicated to Poseidon in the classical Greek era. That was the month when the sun died, near the winter solstice (i.e. near December 21), and the seasonal creeks (or wadi's) were flowing with water. In climates which are called "Mediterranean" there are two very distinct seasons, a dry summer and a wet winter. Presumably at some early date Poseidon was the ruler of the whole 6-month wet season in Mediterranean climates. But after Zeus (the god of daylight, brightness and dryness) gained control of the Olympian deities, Poseidon lost control of 5 of his 6 months in the Greek calendar."

*************************
Poseidon was the All-father, and as such, the period of the winter solstice was when many of the pro-creative festivals were held. See Boreas' thread material.

*****************************************

"Homer was faithful to this "death of the sun" theme in regard to Poseidon. In the Odyssey, where Poseidon is haunting and tormenting Odysseus while chasing him around the Mediterranean Sea, the weather is continually described as chilly, wet, and wintery, as would be expected for typical December weather."
Is this from Robert Graves??
**************************************

Vinci's HOMER IN THE BALTIC has shown very well that the weather described by Homer invariably was "chilly, wet, and wintery," no matter what the month! This aligns perfectly with the Baltic in the years approaching the end of the climatic optimum.
Even in winter, that description almost NEVER describes the Mediterranean! That's why all the Brits and other northerners head south every winter!!!!

Even Robert Graves has stated that Oiggyia, Circe's island, "five days sail from Britain"(Homer), must be one of the Faroes.

Hitler admired Plato's cyclical view of history involving periodic catastrophes and the return of the demi-gods, discussing it frequently with Hermann Rauschning, who observed, 'Every German has one foot in Atlantis, where he seeks a better Fatherland and a better patrimony. The double nature of the Germans is especially noticeable in Hitler and provides the key to his magic socialism.'
Rodney Castleden, Atlantis Destroyed

These ideas of a secret theocracy in the East were supplemented by the spiritual power of vril in the "Nazi Mysteries." In his novel The Coming Race (1871) Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton had attributed the power to a subterranean race of men, the Vril-ya, psychically far in advance of the human species. The powers of vril (most likely derived from the latin virile) included telepathy and telekinesis. This purely fictional notion was quoted by Madame Blavatsky in Isis Unveiled (1877) as but one name for the mysterious, all-pervading force known to man since the ancient theurgists. The vril was understood to be an enormous reservoir of psychic energy not only in the world at large but also in the human organism, only accessible to initiates. It was believed by some occultists that whoever became master of the vril force could, like Bulwer-Lytton's underground race of Vril-ya, enjoy total mastery over all nature.
Nicholas Goodrich-Clarke, Black Sun

Just goes to show you that H.P. Lovecraft wasn't the first writer to have his work taken for reportage by those of the occult mindset. It's of course well known that the Nazis had all sorts of crankish theories...these were, after all, the guys that Dusty Sklar reported believed Cyrus Teed's Hollow Earth theory to the point where they sent boats out to try and take pictures of the other side of the planet by aiming cameras at the sky. And it's hard to ignore the role of the Thule Gesellschaft in the foundation of the Nazi Party...between their role in helping to directly suppress the Communist movement begun by Kurt Eisner on November 7th, 1918: this group of supposed pagans, rune magicians and theosophists actually directed armed resistance to the Communists, including the Palm Sunday Putsch that failed and the more successful citizen rebellion organized by the Thule after April 30th, 1919 when General von Oven's freikorps marched on Munich. The Thule Gesellscaft was more than a group of occult cranks...they were politically active, even savvy in the manipulation of the media (the Baron von Sebottendorff, head of the Thule Gesellscaft, owned the Munchener Beobachter, which would soon become the Volkischer Beobachter) and it was the agitation of members of the Thule that led Anton Drexler to form the German Workers' Party.

Just stick the words National Socialist in front of that party's name, and you know what came next.

The Thule Society took their name from the idea of Ultima Thule, a concept they stole from the writings of the greek Pythias. It is generally accepted that Pythias was speaking of Iceland when he wrote of Ultima Thule...writing in his Introduction to Celestial Phenomena, Geminus addressed it as follows: It would appear that Pythias the Massaliot was in fact present in these regions. He says among the observations recorded by him in On The Ocean: The barbarians pointed out to us on several occasions the place where the sun lies down. For it happens around these places, that the night is extremely short: two hours in some, three in others, so that after the setting, although only a short time has elapsed, the sun straightaway rises again. It is an accurate enough statement of the conditions of night and day in Iceland. In the hands of the Thule Society, however, Ultima Thule went from being a fairly prosaic First Century BC tale of a trip to the furthest extents of the known world by a Greek navigator to a mythical land of gods and legends. German nationalists like Von List saw Thule as a paradise and identified it not only with the legendary Eddas but also with mystical Tibetan Secret Masters who tunneled beneath the surface of the Earth from their hidden realm of Agartha.

Thule was a siren song to these early German occultists. It was a pagan Eden: not a Semitic, Judeo-Christian paradise in the sweltering deserts or marshes of Iraq, but a cool Nordic landscape of virgin snows and evergreen trees in the far north. A place not of warm sensuality and Mediterranean seductiveness, but of cold uncompromising purity. Similar to today's romantic notion that the human race somehow originated in the stars - that the stars are our "home" - Thule was "home" to the Pan-Germanists and to the lonely, alienated, impoverished, and disenfranchised anti-Semites and volkisch sympathizers...and then, of course, we find ourselves back on familiar ground with the ancient legend of Agartha - or Arktogaa - the subterranean kingdom of an alien race buried deep within the Himalayas or somewhere in the far North (at any rate, in the appropriately Nordic frozen wastes), another Aryan "Thule."
Peter Levenda, Unholy Alliance

The Nazi movement is in many ways a dementedly rational one: it resembles nothing so much as the dream of F.T. Marinetti given form, a state dedicated to the siren song of military production and rapid conquest. To quote Marinetti's War, the World's Only Hygiene:
Let us set aside our verse, our brushes, scapels, and orchestras! The red holidays of genius have begun! There is nothing for us to admire today but the dreadful symphonies of the shrapnels and the mad sculptures that our inspired artillery molds among the masses of the enemy.
I would argue that Nazi Germany was a Futurist state, with its mad rush towards technical perfection that led to such ambitious designs as the Maus tank and the Messerschmidt Me262 Jet Fighter...these are the weapons of a futurist's dreams, a cacophonous bringing forth into reality devices that embodied their desire for 'dreadful symphonies of the shrapnels', these are the forge-born of the red holidays of genius, and truly Nazi Germany was certainly to provide many such holidays for the people of Europe. But even so, the Nazi dream that swept across Europe was born in the dreams of thinkers like Dietrich Eckart (to whom Hitler dedicated the second volume of Mein Kampf) and Karl Haushofer, men who believed in racial fantasies and a sacred lost homeland for the supposedly 'pure and noble' aryans of the past. Haushofer's geopolitical vision of Germany as the heartland of Europe dovetailed nicely with Eckart's belief in secret masters and the Tibetan/Aryan connection. Hitler was himself an opportunist. He would use any idea he could wring use out of to bring himself to power and to hold it. The belief in Thule/Arktogaa/Agartha was just another idea Hitler would embrace if it led others to believe in his vision of German supremacy. But others did believe it, including Heinrich Himmler, who would send expeditions to Tibet (the film Seven Years in Tibet is based on the memoir of Heinrich Harrer, of the SS) in part to support Has Horbiger's World Ice Theory which basically argued an updated version of the old story of Angrboda the Cow licking the gods out of the block of ice in which Ymir slumbered. Interestingly, some have argued that Horbiger's very theory might have been behind Hitler's decision to halt the invasion of Russia by two months instead of pushing on when he was within 200 miles of Moscow...that Horbiger's disciples had argued that the winter was going to be exceptionally mild that year. So did science and superstition come together in Nazi Germany. Luckily for him, Horbiger was already dead by 1931 and so didn't have to answer for the failure of the World Ice Theory to see that winter accurately.

In his book The Coming Race, Bulwer-Lytton provides us with a description of the Vril. They are worshippers of a single god, maker and continuer of all existence, the source of vril itself and the only source for any and all ideas, because human beings are said by the Vril-ya as being entirely incapable of creating a thought without it. The Vril-ya themselves claim to descend from frogs. In their state, they hold to the creed that there can be no happiness without order, no order without authority, and no authority without unity. They are, in short, a hideously drab and hidebound group, living their lives in the subterranean vaults they call home. They resemble in great part Richard Sharpe Shaver's Detrimental Robots or Deros, remnants of a long-departed race of 'elder gods' who can incite wars and move men to prey on their fellows from their homes beneath the surface of the earth thanks to their 'rays' that could control mens minds or read our thoughts. Shaver himself linked his Deros to the mysterious King of Agarti, a being who came to earth thousands of years ago to instruct and guide humanity...and thus we come to Agartha again.

Back in Germany in 1923, Haushofer had supposedly founded the Thule Society, modeled on similar groups in Tibet, with a philosophy based on the two cities of Agarthi and "Shampullah". Pauwels described the later as a city of violence, ruled by the King of Fear, with whom an alliance could be made to rule the world He alleged that the Thule group formed such an alliance with "Shampullah" in 1928 though a colony of Tibetan monks in Berlin. In rebuttal of this legend, it should simply be pointed out that Haushofer had never traveled outside of Europe prior to 1908, and that his well-documented movements in the Far East precluded any visit to Tibet.
Nicholas Goodrich-Clarke, Black Sun

Okay, so far we've got Nazis and Thule Occultists, the legendary Ultima Thule itself which has been equated with Arktoga/Agartha in the cold north no doubt influenced by thinkers like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who believed that the ancestors of the writers of the Vedas had lived in an arctic home sometime around 10,000 BC or so. It was Tilak's view that the Vedic hymns were originally composed in this Arctic Home in the Vedas (the name of his book on the subject, written in 1903) and that the ancient Aryan invaders of India had been in possession of an advanced civilization when they had been displaced from this northern paradise. Obviously this was like catnip to Nazi sympathizers and occultists like Savitri Devi. One wonders, therefore, especially when one considers the lifelong obsession with Atlantis that Hans "World Ice Theory" Horbiger held dear, if there were any steps taken to link Atlantis with this paradise in the North. One would not have to look hard to find them, although like much else of Nazi occultism it didn't require any original thinking on the part of the Thule Society and others to find such links...they already existed in the Oera Linda book.

To make as quick a breast of it as we can, the Oera Linda book turned up in 1876, published by Trubner and Co, and was purported to be a reprinting of a manuscript dating back to the 13th Century. The book alleges to be the tale of the island of Atland, a mighty island somewhere in the area of the British Isles. The people there were supposedly highly civilized, and Atland was the birthplace of modern humanity via the three sisters Frya, Lyda and Finda. According to the book, a catastrophe hit Atland and it was overwhelmed by the sea and the inhabitants of the island spread out over the world, bringing civilization wherever they went. Granted, the book claims that the disaster took place in the year 2193 BC, which is a lot later than Tilak's claim, but one could easily hand-wave that away by arguing that the Atlanders were a remnant of a much greater polar civilization which passed away several thousand years earlier...which would bring the earlier Atland right into line both with Tilak, but with Plato's tales of Atlantis as well. It's also interesting to note that the Oera Linda book came out right smack between Bulwer-Lytton's The Coming Race and Madame Blavatsky's Isis Unveiled, putting it right in the middle of that pack of literature so influential on the Thule Society itself. So now we have Atlantis in the frigid north (shades of Herodotus' Hyperborea, the frigid land to the north populated by the children of Apollo), alongside the hidden Tibetan cities of Agartha/Agarthi and 'Shampullah' (which is so clearly an analogue for Shamballa/Shangri-La that I hesitate to mention it) slamming into each other like icebergs of myth along the edges of the world. (Both Agartha and Shamballah entered the Thule mythos via their connection to Madame Blavatsky's Theosophical writings, especially her The Secret Doctrine which mentions both cities as subterranean, hidden repositories of forgotten lore wherein ancient masters could contact the willing via telepathic powers.) When one adds in the SS expeditions to Tibet to find the selfsame Secret Masters (and really, if you want to read some freaky stuff sometime, do some digging about these expeditions...the way the German scientists took it upon themselves to film children masturbating and collect skulls is very creepy) things begin to edge along the surreal.

I feel compelled to mention at this point how similar some of the root tales that led the Thule Society along its quest for the secret Vedic/Agarthan/Thulean axis of ancient wisdom were to even older stories. The tale of Ferdynand Ossendowski, for instance, who spoke of Buddhist sects in Mongolia that spoke of a secret Agarthi King of the World who would one day rise up and transform the world in preperation for the end when the good people of the world would destroy the bad bears a striking resemblance to the old 13th century tales of Prester John, the Christian King who dwelled in the East and who always married a daughter of the Great Khan for no other monarch was his equal. This mythology of a great king who is just over there from you and who shares your ideals is hardly new, but it's interesting to see it get dragged back into the surrealistic pagan grail-quest of Himmler's SS, in new pagan clothes. Later, writers like Wilhelm Landig would tart up the mythology of the Enuma Elish using ideas taken from Julius Evola, Herman Wirth (who also believed in a long-lost North Atlantic homeland for a Nordic-Atlantean culture, as he published in 1928 in his Der Aufgang der Menschheit, although much more droningly than the Oera Linda book ever was) and stole copiously from the Cathar Heresy to try and come up with a mystical connection between themselves and the "Black Sun" insignia that German Aircraft flew during the war. (I should mention that Landig identified the Black Sun both with the 'central sun' mention by Blavatsky in her Secret Doctrine and with Marduk and the gods of Babylon.) So too we find a strange connection between occultism and futurism, the fusion of science and superstition in a state that would use any means as long as the people's ability to think for themselves was kept at an absolute minimum. Especially prominent during this time was the work of the SS Ahnenerbe, the same fellows who led the expedition to Tibet, the search for the Holy Grail itself...especially that of Otto Rahn, the SS-Unterscharfuhrer who combined his interest in the Cathars with Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzifal and so excited Himmler that he sent Rahn to Iceland to look for evidence of a lost Thulian civilization there. Rahn didn't find it. But this wholesale adoption of the grail myth back into the pagan search for Thule is just another example of the attempt to build an ideal world out of remade tales, a science-fictional mythic age. The Ring of the Nibelung as performed by the futurist's dreadful symphony.

What on Earth does all this mean? Would you believe a shadow war between the brothers of Prometheus and the ghostly hordes of a long dead arthropod empire?

The Cambrian Period saw a huge expansion in animal life - the evolutionary equivalent of the Big Bang. These new animals included some that did not survive beyond the end of the Cambrian, such as those that were first identified as fossils in the famous Burgess hale. The Cambrian Period also produced all the main animal groups that are alive today, including the chordates, the group to which we belong. Known as the Cambrian explosion, this astonishing burst of evolution is difficult to explain. Nothing like it has happened since, so why did it take place?
David Burnie, The Kingfisher Illustrated Dinosaur Encyclopedia

Of course, part of the mystery of the Cambrian Explosion is simply that before the remarkable 20 million year period at its beginning, most animal life simply did not have sufficient hard portions of the anatomy to properly fossilize in most cases. We know that during the long distant Vendian Period immediately preceding the Cambrian that the Ediacarans flourished. These possible-ancestors to jellyfish had no carapaces, no shells, no bones to be buried and transformed into stone: we really only know of their existence through a remarkable set of fossils first discovered in the Ediacara Hills of Australia in 1956, and even then it took time and debate to even establish their existence. Before the discovery of these strange headless, limbless organisms, with no mouths, no organs for the digestion of food, the Vendian was viewed as a singularity, a point beyond the Cambrian in which animal life seemed wholly undetectable. Some of these remarkable animals were tethered to the sea floor, others lay in the shallows and waited for nutrients to come to them. The most titanic of the Ediacarans was Dickinsonia, which was about the size of a bath mat and which was probably no thicker than a sheet of paper.

Still, even though we know there was in fact animal life before the Cambrian...even if that life took the form of incredibly thin blobs of gelatin or featherlike fronds that oscillated, connected to the seabed...the sophistication and development of life after the transition is stunning and evocative to consider. The Cambrian gave birth to organisms that would be the antecedents of practically all animal life on Earth, and some of the life developed a sophistication that would be unequaled. One such species were the trilobites. I've discussed before a theory that it was the long slow process of life on this planet that etched into the Implicate Order of Bohm, that quantum physical no-place that makes a good parallel with the Akashic Record or Astral Space or the Otherworld or whatever you prefer grooves, tracks...lines of force known variously as telluric channels, dragon lines of force, even just plain old ley-lines analagous to the flow of energy through the proposed chakras of the human body. Through these lines flows what Bulwer-Lytton described as vril, the energy the Deros used in their terrible rays, the accumulated residue of lives lived and ended carved into our planet's resonance like grooves in a photographic plate. The Cambrian Explosion was just the first, and perhaps the greatest, flowering of life which brought with it the process of etching said lines. Then, at the end of the Permian, a cataclysm so vast we still barely understand it wipes out 90% of all life, and like an atomic bomb fusing a shadow on a wall this sudden nightmare death bleeds into the lines themselves, infusing some with a cold rage and a sentient will.

Consider also the influence of Tibetan animism, even older and still surviving today in its Buddhist faith (which derives from Hinduism, which owes a great deal to the old Vedic stories) and the idea that a civilizing force derived from the North. Consider the old Biblical injunction that there were giants in the earth in the time before the flood, the tale of Enkidu the wild man who came from the wilderness and who tamed the furious rages of Gilgamesh and taught him to be a true king to his people. Consider the dzu-teh and meh-teh of the Tibetan mountains. Imagine that the tales of the Titans of Greek myth, the Giants of Norse tales, refer to these shaggy ones, known to us now as Almas, Gin-Sung, Ferla mohr, Mecheny, Yeren, and yes, Yeti. Perhaps these cousins of ours achieved a society before we did, and perhaps they looked down from their cold mountains on a human race still struggling its way past the Ice Ages and felt a rush of pity for these poor cousins, these tiny hairless mini-yeti. Perhaps they sought to civilize us, to impart the gifts of their culture to a people who barely even understood the concept of animal husbandry. It would make sense for them to choose a cold island in the North Atlantic as the place for their test...the advantage of isolation from the rest of humanity, the benefit of the climate they themselves preferred. It isn't hard to imagine these giants helping us to erect our first settlements (leading to the legends of a giant building the walls of Asgard) and imparting their wisdom, perhaps even serving as friends and advisors to our kings and highest priests ala Gilgamesh and Enkidu. Then, in their pride, these first civilized humans dared too much, and sought to tap the telluric energies of the earth itself, building vast menhirs to concentrate the vril power....and destroying their civilization when such constructions allowed the tainted energies of the long-death arthropods to collect themselves, in essence forming an undead mass-mind of entirely alien mindset that would find the cold world of the Yeti entirely not to their liking.

I've spoken before of Qemtiel, the Qabbalistic Dark Sun itself, the crown of the Qlippothic negations. One could easily see this seething undead will as a manifestation and servant of Qemtiel, seeking to shape humanity...and to a mind like that, one composed of innumerable arthropod intelligences, humans are the descendants of frogs. The Vril becomes a power that seeks to stagnate imagination, to winnow down thought, which cannot invent but which must compile, which uses the trappings of occultism and the vestments of science with equal facility always aiming at its ultimate goal...the annihilation of the world as it as and a return to the womb, the void, the world as it was triumphing over the future. So you find perversions like Shamballa becoming supposedly a city of violence willing to hand power over the world to a group of thugs like the Nazis. So you find expeditions to Tibet which in part may well have been aimed at finding and slaying the remnants of the Yeti who imparted the Promethean gifts to mankind in the first place. You find the gleeful twisting and deformation of myth systems and ideas, the adoption of a cult of cold precision, experiments that serve no purpose. You find the Qemtiel-force duping humans into devising cults and sects to pay homage to that very force that nearly destroyed them in the first place, that facistic vril energy that teaches them that humans cannot think for themselves, that history and fiction are detrimental for the average citizen to concern himself with, that there is no happiness without order, no order without authority and no authority without unity.

Much as the Shaverian vision of the Underworld had the Teros, the Integral Robots, as foils for the Deros so too does this vision see the remaining furry brothers, the Yeti, as standing against the monsters of evil will they unwittingly released by handing the secrets of civilization over to humans. Much like the myth of Pandora, wife of Prometheus' brother Epimetheus, who released all the evils of the world the Yeti stand in opposition to the evil released by the Thulian/Atlandian civilization so long ago, which could not have happened without their assistance. One imagines that it has been a long war for them, and often the very humans they tried so hard to help have been the weapons of their enemies, who have no bodies of their own after all. Was Grendel really a bestial foe, or was Beowulf a tool of the Vril-ya? Was he a servitor of the subterranean ones, the fossilized Qemtiel-mind of the trilobytes screaming out in rage at the world for daring to continue without them? Killing those who dared to disturb their ancient sleep and waging war against the only ones who could see them for what they were? Enkidu was slain by the gods for having dared assist Gilgamesh in his battle with the Bull of Heaven...perhaps Landig was more right than he knew when he associated the Black Sun with Marduk. Some of the 'gods' may well have been the collected will of the Qemtiel mind at work, killing those who dare to help mankind or otherwise punishing them as Zeus punished Prometheus by setting loose all the evils of the world by the hand of Pandora.

One imagines, if one is of a mind to, a world shaped by the victorious fascists into a cold, gleaming futurist's Thule. A cold, white, pure paradise of technology and science pursued without individuality or imagination, where the state hands out all the topics of research and decides on their moral and ethical applicability (because the common man is incapable of the creation of thought as the Vril-ya might say) and the mythology of a ice-bound world frozen forever in its perfection was held up as the only ideal. Perhaps in time the Qemtiel would have felt comfortable enough to order their bodies to be recreated in cold metal, and would have taken up the direct rule of the world, which would be on its way to unrestricted global warming and a return to a hot, wet world due to their machinations, a trip backward in ecological time. By then, would the capacity for independence still exist?

I think I'm onto something here that I have noticed in researching the Phaistos disk that a lot of people trying to decipher the disk are missing.

The ship in the center of the disk is the same as the ship on the Geb-el-Arak Knife!!

Geb-el-Arak Knife;
http://nefertiti.iwebland.com/knife_of_gebel_el_arak/

Phaistos Disk;
http://www.crystalinks.com/phaistosdisc.html

As you know I have been spending a lot of time searching for this mysterious ship and I do really believe that they are the same.

To better visualize the ship in the disk, I saved the picture on my hard drive, then I opened it with Paint program, then at the top click "Image" and then click "Invert colors", this is an excellent trick to research artifacts in a negative type of view where you can better outline objects.

The result is that the ship on the Phaistos disk, clearly shows the Dragon Claw with the Orb in it.

Do we have any idea what these two artifacts could have in common?

That prior to 3000 bc and the 2000 bC Knossos temple, that both Greece and Egypt could have been invaded by Crete or it was the Tarxien cultures of Malta who were also connected "culturally with Crete from a earlier time.

I have always wondered since Crete was not known to be a warring race, and since they strongly resembled traditions from Atlantis how they tied in with the Egyptians and Greeks. We know later that the Creteans had many Egyptian influences at a time of peace.

The question was what role Crete would have played in the ancient battle of Atlantis? For, against or Neutral.

This disk could be the truth in the pudding especially if somehow it does in fact relate to Malta, even though it was found in Crete.

So far the Dragons Claw and Orb seem to point into a unity between the Creteans and the Tarxiens between 2-4000 bC.

Keep in mind that Nestor, from Crete, was the second largest army of ships to be contributed to the Battle of Troy around 1200 bC. Agammemnon,as we know was the strongest and prior to him, it was the Creteans.

The end result tying in the Egyptians with the Creteans could have lead to the shipbuilding adopted by Egypt from 3000-2500 bC and later by the Phoenicians who given their Erythranaean origins would have been merely "boat builders and not ship builders until their Syrian settlements of Tyre and Byblos.

What I really enjoy about all this, is that once again, like Thoth, we see the knowledge of Atlantis shining bright!

Ampheres(Italy) is with Evaemon(Cyrene Libya), while Mneseus(Crete) is with Autochthon(Greek).

The irony of this is that it is true that the Greeks(Autochthon) colonized Cyrenic Libya which would befit there placement with Evaemon(Libya)

To make matters more intrigueing, if we were to place Ampheres with Mneseus,we find their ghosts in Agamemnon and Menelaus in comparison to the names.

Aita (Basque) Patra /Atta (Greek) Pater(Latin) it(Egyptian)

Atlas ( Fatherson, raiser of sky )
Nw Africa ( Guanches, Aterians, Capsians, Berbers )

Gadeirus ( Green body of rivers )
( Greek also referred to as; Eumeleus=rich in sheep )
Iberia, Basque, Cimmerian, Portugal, British isles.

Ampheres (to rest,at both sides)Taranto>Otranto
Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Tyrrhenia, Malta ( Tarxien >Tarshin )

Evaemon ( fortunate woman )
Algeria, Tunisia, Libya ( Atalantes, Qadan, Maxyan, Lotophagi )

Mneseus ( memory of a great warrior,God, Zeus ) ( from a Trojan )
Crete ( Minos, Amnisus )

Autochthon ( earthborn )
Peleponnesia, Attica, Cyclades.

Elassipus ( horse riding, rulers )
Anatolia ( Phrygia, Ionia, Caria, Ephaesus )

Mestor ( NNE middle.Suitor )
Phoenicia, Syria ( Byblos, Tyre )

Azaes (Heat)
Mauretania ( Azas, Azamor )

Diaprepes ( relating to God, highly distinguished )
Egypt, Nubia, Ethiopia.

You raised the issue of: What role did Crete play in the "battle" of Atlantis?

A substantial amount of information is available about that invasion and Atlantean battle, which almost reached Memphis/Cairo during the chaos of Egypt's Second Intermediate Period. (note: The 9000 BC references in Plato's Atlantis writings should be understood as a completely different era, in contrast to the Atlantean invasion of Egypt.)

However, before I quote some of the Crete/Egypt interactions from the crystallinks website, I suggest that we keep in mind a general timeline for the era 1800-1500 BC in the eastern Mediterranean region. Political activities in that era were so complex that all modern experts are still pretty vague about what was happenning. Manetho did his best for the Ptolemaic era, by compiling Manetho's dynastic kings list. (And Plato was even more cryptic about the political interactions. Plato said that he wanted to omit all the political interactions related to various groups of Atlanteans.) With that having been said, here is a general timeline for the 1800-1500 BC era.

a) 1700 BC the city of Phaistos, Crete, was rebuilt after a major earthquake (by a mysterious Middle Minoan people, potentially related to the Hyksos ???)

b) ca 1700 BC, the evil Telchines (metallurgical wizards) colonize Rhodes and Cyprus, perhaps with connections to Crete, according to Greek Mythology. (Those mythical Telchines may represent the first metalworkers to exploit the sulfide copper deposits of Cyprus.) http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/CORYBANTES.html

c) 1776-1625 BC, six sons of Neith (i.e. Sobek) rule Egypt during Dynasty 13 of the Second Intermediate period (namely, Sobekhotep, I, II, III, IV, V, VI). This dynasty was ruling from Memphis, and it attempted to continue the Middle Kingdom of Dynasty 12. http://www.narmer.pl/dyn/13en.htm

d) 1710-1624 BC, Dynasty 14 seized the nome of Xois, which was used as the capital city for the Dynasty 14 intruders. This dynasty ruled in parallel to Dynasty 13, but controlled only the Rosetta branch of the Nile. (Pseudo-Re worshipers in dynasty 14 have replaced the contemporaneous Neith/Sobek worshippers of dynasty 13). Xois was directly upstream from Neith's two nomes (numbers 4 and 5), so it is evident that Neith worship was under attack in the branch of the Nile which was ruled by Dynasty 14. http://www.narmer.pl/dyn/14en.htm

e) Thera's volcano erupted massively ca 1628 BC, and subsequently many Aegean islands attempted to rebuild. But some people fled to Egypt.

f) Poseidon had warned the Telchines that Zeus was going to send a tsunami against Rhodes, so some of the Telchines fled from Rhodes.

g) ca 1624-1514 BC Hyksos dynasty 15 was a warlord dynasty (the "greater Hyksos") which initially seized Avaris and fortified the town, under Saltis, the first king of this 15th dynasty. The 4th king of this dynasty (Kian, 1586-1566 BC) gave himself the title Hyk-Xois (overlord of the Xois rulers), after he conquored Egypt's nome 6, which was named Xois/Khas. http://www.ancient-egypt.org/history/14_17/15.html

h) ca 1620-1540 BC, a "junior Hyksos" dynasty 16 was probably composed of refugees (in the aftermath of Thera) from various Aegean regions who settled in the eastern part of the Nile delta. Perhaps they included the Telchines who were fleeing from Rhodes after Thera's eruption. The first two rulers of Dynasty 16 were officially named as Anath/(Neith) worshippers, which suggests they came from proto-Phoenicia. This dynasty (16) seems to have commingled with Dynasty 15 after king Kian (of the "greater Hyksos") conquored the nome of Xois. http://www.ancient-egypt.org/history/14_17/16.html

i) In regard to dating the Atlantean war, let's recall Plato's comment at Critias 110b: "Solon said that the priests in their narrative of that war mentioned most of the names which are recorded prior to the time of Theseus, such as Cecrops, and Erechtheus, and Erichthonius, and Erysichthon, and the names of the women in like manner." The era of Cecrops, Danaus1, and Aegyptus1 can be correlated to ca 1500 BC, based on based on Carlos Parada's website. http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/MythicalChronology.html
(However this date when Danaus1 fled to Greece comes substantially AFTER the successful war, in which Pelasgians and Anath-worshippers (i.e. Dynasties 15 and 16) had defeated "Atlantean" Dynasty 14.)

To condense and summarize the above comments:

The intruders of Egypt's Dynasty 14 (which came at the beginning of the 2nd Intermediate Period, and seized the western Nile Delta) could be a strong candidate for the Atlantean invasion. Dynasties 13 and 16 both had solid connections to Neith/Anath/Sobek; and both of these dynasties opposed the intruders of Dynasty 14. Meanwhile, Dynasty 15 had ties to Crete. The mythical Aegyptus1 resembles a final generation of Egypt's Dynasty 15, while the mythical Danaus1 (who led his 50 daughters out of Egypt to the Peoponnese, thus avoiding a final confrontation with the Egypt's New Kingdom of Theban Dynasty 17) resembles a final generation of Egypt's Dynasty 16 (the "junior Hyksos"). http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/DANAIDS.html

Now while keeping the above timeline in mind, let's consult what the Crystalinks website says about cultural connections between Crete and Egypt (ca 1700 BC-1450 BC), including a Linear B mention of the mythical king Aegyptus1 (whom the classical Greek myths remember for having lived in Palestine, and for attempting unsucessfully to conquor Egypt while accompanied by his brother Danaus 1).

quote from: http://www.crystalinks.com/phaistosdisc.html
Hermes also "invented" in Greece a number of arts and instruments which had long existed in Crete and even earlier in Egypt where some of them were specifically ascribed to Thoth.

Thoth was the Ibis headed scribe - he who wrote the story of our reality. Examples are the latter's above mentioned gifts of astronomy, reckoning, board games, and writing, as well as weights and measures which Hermes claimed also to have brought.

The two circles as time limit for the sun The emblem Thoth wore for his function as "Measurer of Time" [ also see Seshat] was a circular disk, the sign of the sun, with a crescent moon placed above it136 and very similar to the one Hermes wore on his staff. The meaning of this calendar-master's trademark was probably that the passage of lunisolar time was punctuated by the "Joining of Sun and Moon" which defined the cyclical life of the sun.

If the two joined circles on Hermes' staff depict a "joining" of the sun with the moon, as in the crown of Thoth the measurer of time, then we should not be surprised to find midway between Egypt and Greece the common emblem of this Egyptian and Greek mortuary god in the two circles on the bald head from Crete.

As usual for such shared emblems, the two circles on Hermes' staff seem to have meant the same as those above Thoth's crown, and those same circles on the Old Philistine bald head's cheek are likely to have symbolized the same. In the context of the Disk, they seem to imply the end of the time allotted to the "sun head", and so to confirm again the interpretation of the bald head as expression of the long-haired one?s death at the end of his cycle.

The two circles on the bald head's cheek may then stand as shorthand for something like "The 'Great Year' between the meetings of new sun and new moon is over and time has run out for the old sun. Thoth-Hermahas marks this event on the dead sun with his emblem as measurer of time, and he guides the sun?s soul into the afterworld".

This mark on the Phaistos bald head in the field of death matches again perfectly the timing of death in Senet right after a joining of sun and moon, except that the Egyptians used a different year-length for their calculations and so came up with a different period between such meetings. The similarity despite the difference only confirms that both examples were based on the same idea.

The Cretans of the Disk?s New Palace Period did not live in isolation but traded far and wide, particularly with their rich and nearby neighbor to the south. Their island lies less than a week by sail from Egypt in good weather, and Odysseus could claim plausibly in one of his tall tales that he had covered that distance in five days.

Crete and Egypt are so close that at Alexandria in the Ottoman era, sailboat cargoes included snow exported from Crete and butter brought to it. Many traces of intense early contact between the two regions survive, including the Cretan domestic cats which descended from Egyptian sires, not from the native wild cats.

Already centuries before the Disk, the Cretan wall painters colored males red and females white to yellow, in the same arbitrary convention as their Egyptian colleagues, and the Cretan seal-makers used designs closely parallel to those found in Egypt.

Their work included even some Cretan-styled seals with Egyptian gameboards on them, so there is no doubt that Senet was well known and highly esteemed in the culture that left us the Disk. The Egyptian influence in Crete was so strong that several of the levels at Knossos are dated by the Egyptian artifacts in them. Even the base of a 12th Dynasty Egyptian dignitary's diorite statuette came to light at Knossos, in a deposit from a couple of centuries before the Disk.

And after the time of the Disk, both queen Hatshepsut (1473 to 1458 BCE) and king Thutmosis III (her successor to 1425 BCE) received formal embassies of Cretans in their Theban capital, as depicted in tombs of their nobles.

Slightly later the Linear B tablets from Knossos mention an "Aiguptios".

Most revealing for the transfer of ideas, more than any imported artifact or written mention, is a clay sistrum of apparently Cretan manufacture found in the cemetery of Arkhanes Phourni, buried about four centuries before the Disk. This clear imitation of a uniquely Egyptian ritual instrument and its presence in the funerary building imply knowledge of its use and purpose. It thereby proves that the Cretans had bought in their travels not only material objects but also some of the symbolism they encountered in Egypt.

The sharing of symbolism between Crete and Egypt was particularly intense around the time when the Disk got buried. The Hyksos kings who ruled Egypt from about 1640 to 1540 BCE adorned their palaces with unmistakably Cretan-style wall paintings of maze-like meanders and other motifs from the Aegaean.

In one spectacular fragment from the Hyksos capital Avaris, a young person with the typical long and curly black locks well known from Cretan paintings clasps the neck of a bull from above.

The parallel to the famous "bull- leaper" frescoes from the contemporary palace in Knossos is so pronounced that some scholars suggest these murals may express a dynastic or religious connection between Hyksos kingship and the rulers of Knossos, and in any case an interlocking of the beliefs in the two cultures.

Sources about Senet - This sharing of beliefs between Egypt and Crete makes the Egyptian game of Senet a valuable parallel to the proposed game on the [Phaistos] Disk.

endquote

The translation of the text is not accurate.
The translation using the modern Greek text provided is:

"Perdicas son of Agaios, head of the warriors(makestes) once they arrived at the acropolis of Edessa starting off from upper Illyria. He made a sacrifice to the high god Sabazo(also an epithet of Dionysus). In the continuation since becoming Lord in the country of Midas, the foreign Greeks immediately angrily erradicated them because they were burdened with indolence/wickidness. Meanwhile the native Phrygians were left to wander far away because these two people were foreign speakin. From then until he was the old king of Phrygia he took advantage of the very archaic city of Edessa. First he renamed to Aegae, then he hindered the exiles from returning except of those who were seized as captives. This marble epigram/inscription was engraved in the Greek language by Dredas son of Gordios a record of this memory/remembrance."

So as you can see this makes a big difference when it comes to the claims of the site you found it at. I have sent the inscription to my aunt, who is an archaeologist in Greece so she can translate the "Ancient Greek" version of the text. This I am certain will be a little different from what I just posted but it will most likely say the same as what I translated. As soon as I recieve a response I will post it.

It is enlightening to hear that you also submitted an Abstract for the Atlantis convention upcoming. I strongly agree with you that we need to push back civilizations and that, you may or may not know, is that Egypt was built to reflect the Fatherland,Atlantis.

One of my recent discoveries,which no one seems to care about, is that I have identified the Dragon Claw ship on the Gebel-el-Arak Knife found in Egypt and dated to around 3500 bC, with the exact same Ship on the Phaistos Disk c.1625 bC.

Besides the riddle of the Halls of Amenti that we figured out the vast tunnel system westward, I have also discovered the ancient Etruscan word Araklum,which is the oldest mention of Orichalcum. You would be interested in my 6482 bC dating for the "Great Disaster" which partialy arose from the Eye of Ra myth.

Most of my research and learning steps can be found at Atlantis Rising Forums where it would be great to share your thoughts. Atlantis Rising; www.atlantisrising.com

I am also debating the Narmer Palette,which clearly is not Nubian and does not represent the quest for the nine bows. Can we say without a doubt that it is a chisel? I think not.

This palette to me, is a funeral procession for the 10 "distinctive Kings" which is either the Hyksos, or Atlanteans in the forms of early Tarxien(Tarshin),Cretean,Etruscan and Tunisian(Atalantes) cultures.

There is also a very familiar Hyksos legend preserved by Egyptians that very closely parallels Atlantis. The ending also is lost to this script as well.

A Key factor that a lot of theorists forget, is who controlled the Italians.

If you go to my website and read Bridge to Atlantis with an excellent virtual reality site to enhance your Atlantis experience, focus on experience, you'll have a better understanding of my thoughts on Egypt and the Origins of Atlantis. It would be nice to hear your views.

With Highest Respect; Tribes of Atlantis; www.mts.net/~perasa

He also joined the Atlantis convention 05.

I submitted an abstract which is like a pea in the forest.

Here's hoping for the best, and Robert's website which has some peculiar pictures at the bottom he hasn't figured out yet.
http://www.robertschoch.net/

[R] Riven-The Seer and Royal Bloodline to Atlantis[R]

maybe your aunt could also translate Critias and Timaeus for us, in her words only or no go.

I agree with you on the Macedonaeans though.
They are Autochthone also,like the Etruscans. I am also aware of their cries for originality and a history older than Greek claims.

You mention Dredas, Son of Gordios, is he the same as the earlier Etruscans talked about who held the "ARAKLUM of Gordos? 5-800bC?

After extensive study by scholars, the Edessa inscription was dated to early 9th c. BC. This conclusion is based on type of late Phoenician characters, on using the ×Ó and ÖÓ double consonants instead of later greek complex consonants Î and Ø, on fact that the so called Dipylos inscription from 750 BC, considered as the oldest Greek inscription, incorporates some later alphabet features, on peculiar Greek dialect employed in text and mainly on right to left primitive direction of script that preceded the Voustrofidon writing (alternating right-left writing) and the last introdused left to right directed modern writing.
http://www.geocities.com/stojangr/some_abstracts__from_modern_sour.htm

Must be the same King.

The Egyptians at one time also thought that the Phrygians were their ancestors because of the children whose fist words were "Beckos"? for Phrygian Bread.

I would say that in your time frame we see strong ties with the Hyksos,Egyptians and Creteans.

Not much on the Tarxiens though.

I really think that it was the other way around where Crete influenced Egypt prior to 1800 bC.

Of course this known history would suit to be a perfect zenith for the Atlantean battle, this time frame exemplifies the "Liberty" of the people and the fallout of Atlantean control.

Bear in mind that the greatest of Egypts monuments are found near "Memphis".

Not near Thinis.

This knowledge came from the Tarxiens(Tarshin) of Malta and the earlier Creteans and the grass of knowledge from Atalantes,Algeria.

Etruscans 1000-1500 bC were in control of themselves.

1900 bC, Crete controlled themselves.

3240 bC, Menes controlled Memphis.

Then theres a tablet with 10 dead Kings.

A Gebel-Arak-Knife.

A Phaistos Disk.

Araklum of Gordos.

A Dragon Claw Orb Ship 3500bC,peculiar to none.

A missing piece of Egypt in Alexandria.

The Gulf of Atranto.

The Gulf of Gabes\Lake Tritonis.

The straites of Messina.

The Black Sea.

The Sword of Ampheres. Royal commemorations.

The Sceptre of Ampheres-10 Golden lions.

The Sceptre of Carthage.

The Twin Idas,Mountains.

Missing western civilizations and myths.

Thoth and Neith.

Psonchis/Patheneit/Amasis 570 bC.

Solon/Dropides/Critias

Socrates/Critias/Hermocrates/Timaeus

Plato

Us.

I think Gordos is a conecting key-word here.
Expression like "of Gordos" may refer to a known citizen (philosophers, etc.) OR a king of Gordos - or a prince/titled person (releating a social/poliival frunction - of Gordos. The orignal expressions needs to be very precisely analyzed - based on due cultural AND linguistical knowledge - to define which of this relations "of" is reffering to.

BUT;
Normal logic will anticipate that "Gordos" is a specific area, defined geographically, culturally and linguistically. So where is this "Gordos"?

And to which languageS are this specific word relating, - Greek, Macedonian, Bulgarian? Spanish?! Others?
In the Gothic areas "Gord" clearly and plainly means "Yard".

The recent discovery from the European Genome Project concludes that ALL genetical groups of Europe AND Russia have originated from one and the same branch of Homo Sapiens, arriving in mainland Aurasia, somewhere before 10.000 years ago.

Further it concludes that some of these populations have been mixed with another type of geno-group, arriving later. The massive mix of these two different "haplogroups" on the European continent bears witness of a "second wave" of immigrants. Presently that is linked to the theory of "a higher culture, based on agriculture and metallurgy - invading the more primitive hunters/gathers".

Which defines an answer. But then the same source also repports that some genuine ("indigenious") populations of Europe, such as the Basques, the Danes, the Norwegians, the Swedes, the Goths and the Finns, - still do not belong to the present "mixed gene-pool" of Europe. They still have the genome of the "hunter-gathers OF Pre-Boreal Europe".

Which means that these populations had DEVELOPED their agri-culture themselves, - at their respective location. Step by step, producing small branches of populations, at river-mounds and coastal islands - until the first scarce soil started to grow. As the climate gradully improved AND the amount of soil grew, - to cover the completly barren landscape that welcomed the first Scandinavians, - some 9.500 years ago.

These Gotic Fishing-cultures could spread - imideiatly after the ice-cap had disapeared, - because they could live entirely by their boat, hunting and fishing-gear they could populate the entire North Atlantic. Later they developed THEIR own, artical agriculture, - starting already 6.800-7.000 years ago.

The Islandic Eddas tell about the "time of origin" for the "northern peoples". Telling about the first settlers that reached "the bare Northern lands". Later they get "green the leek, the first to grow" - as they grew their soil to produce a "Yard" - where grass, leek and roots (carrots, cabbages)could grow. As the green leek succeeds (creating the first woodland...) they build larger houses - on their yards, - called "SALAR" (halls/meeting-rooms). Establishing Court-Yards, performing courtual traditions, - where all matters of concern among the citizens of the district was to discuss. Or celebrate.

We can still find a similar use of evry "Town Hall" - especially in the rural areas. Some of our older major court-yards still resides on the grounds of the oldest, largest and most central "pro-per-ty" of the respective village, town or district. Or country, even. As the old royal court-yards are supposed to have established on the best parts of the entire land-area, - as they arrived as "The first setler-families" spread around the Baltic and North Atlantic.

The inland of the European continent developed a large agriculture. A paralell, but separate culture spread along the Russian plains, eastwards. Travelling the far and large inland rivers they made made the Kingdom Russia "green and fruitful". Growing steady trade-connections between Mare Balticum and the Asov Sea/Black Sea.

The first Russian Kingdom is dated to the year 862, as the Swedish prince Rurik arrived - to reconstitute the Russian constitution. Placing a new capitol by the old noble-manor of "Holm-gord" (Inlet-Yard), - calling it "Ny-gord" (New-Yard). The greek-russian language later appearing with the name "Nov-Gorod".

The largest yard known to the Vikings were "Mykla-Gord". "Mykla" refering to the latin "magna", large - as Myklagard was their name on "I-stan-ball" or "Constantin-opel".

"Mykla" have also been translated with "thousand-fold" - refering to the many thousands of courtyards (farms/manors/castle) the Viking traders passed, - travelling the rivers between Riga and Kiev/Black Sea, and Petersbourogh/Neva-to Asov. The area along and between these rivers was known as Myklagard to - meaning "1000 court-yards". From 987 these areas laid their power under the Greek Istanbull, and the Greek-Ortodox division of the Church. Thus the capitol of "mykla-gard" was moved from "New-Gard", via "Kònnu-gard" (Kiev) to "Mykla-gard", - the biggest of them all, reigning thousanfolds of yards, - as a "garden empire". "Haga" - as in Haga Sofia - directly trasalates to "Garden" - as well. "Gorda-rike Ros-land" was a common Nordic expression for the wide country of (the "larger") Russia. Directly translated that name says; "The Garden Empire of The Land of The Rose".

Other "Family of Roses" is found in the name Ett(family-line)-Ros(rose)-Ki(key/ener-gi) as well as in the two king-lines of agricultural England (Yorkshire of The White Rose/Lancastershire of the Red Rose) - once figthing over the throne of mideval England.

Thus the nominatives Yard/Court/Gard(Gàrd,Gord)- together with Manors and Castles are duely connected within well-known historical cultures. Thus "Gordus" seems close to the Norse "Myklagard", known as the southern end, and (late) capitol of "Gorda-rike Ros-land"; the "Yarden/Garden Kingdom of Rus-land".

Poet from Teos in Asia Minor who lived and worked in Athens, Samos and Thessaly. He wrote mainly about love and wine, and invented a poetic form of verse called anacreonic.

Anacreon is credited with a satire about the inventor of the throwing machine, Artemon Periforetos, who was so anxious for his security that he always had his slaves carry him around close to the ground in case he should fall out, and with a shield above him in case anything should fall from above.

Anacreon lived until the age of 85, when he choked on a grape and died

THE ACCOMPT

by: Anacreon (c.572-488 BC)

IF thou dost the number know
Of the leaves on every bough,
If thou can'st the reckoning keep
Of the sands within the deep;
Thee of all men will I take,
And my Love's accomptant make.
Of Athenians first a score
Set me down; then fifteen more;
Add a regiment to these
Of Corinthian mistresses,
For the most renown'd for fair
In Achaea sojourn there;
Next our Lesbian Beauties tell;
Those that in Ionia dwell;
Those of Rhodes and Caria count;
To two thousand they amount.
Wonder'st thou I love so many?
'Las of Syria we not any,
Egypt yet, nor Crete have told,
Where his orgies Love doth hold.
What to those then wilt thou say
Which in eastern Bactria,
Or the western Gades remain?
But give o'er, thou toil'st in vain;
For the sum which thou dost seek
Puzzles all arithmetic.

TRANSLATED BY THOMAS STANLEY, 1651

THE WISH

by: Anacreon (c.572-488 BC)

NAIOBE on Phrygian sands
Turn'd a weeping statue stands,
And the Pandionian Maid
In a swallow's wings array'd;
But a mirror I would be,
To be look'd on still by thee;
Or the gown wherein thou'rt drest,
That I might thy limbs invest;
Or a crystal spring, wherein
Thou might'st bathe thy purer skin;
Or sweet unguents, to anoint
And make supple every joint;
Or a knot, thy breast to deck;
Or a chain, to clasp thy neck;
Or thy shoe I wish to be,
That thou might'st but tread on me.

TRANSLATED BY THOMAS STANLEY, 1651

But me I would not like nor the horn
of Amalthée nor during
hundred fifty years
to be a king de Tartessos.

Rhesus

By Euripides

Written 450 B.C.E

Who will to the son of Panthus? who to Europa's son, captain of the Lycian band?
Ye Phrygian archers, string your horn-tipped bows.
Can it be that thou art smitten with wild affright by Pan, the son of Cronion,
for how wilt thou pass the palisades in a rout?
And how shall thy charioteers cross the bridges without dashing the axles of their cars to pieces?

And, if victorious, thou hast next the son of Peleus to engage; he will ne'er suffer thee to cast the firebrand on the fleet, no, nor to harry the Achaeans as thou dost fondly fancy. Nay, for yon man is fierce as fire, a very tower of valiancy.

HECTOR
True to his name in sooth, his country's friend is Dolon. Thy father's house was famed of yore, but thou hast made it doubly so
DOLON
Slay them; I do not ask thee to keep thy hand off Menelaus.

HECTOR
Is it the son of Oileus thou wouldst ask me for?
DOLON
Gold have I in my home; no sustenance lack I.

HECTOR
Ah! but thy wishes clash with mine anent those steeds; for of immortal stock, they and their sires before them, are those horses that bear the son of Peleus on his headlong course. Them did king Poseidon, ocean's god, break and give to Peleus, so runs the legend-yet, for I did urge thee on, I will not break my word; to thee will I give Achilles' team, to add a splendour to thy house.
DOLON
I thank thee; in receiving them I avow I am taking a fairer gift than any other Phrygian for my bravery

CHORUS
May Hermes, Maia's child,

DOLON
I shall return in safety, and bring to thee the head of Odysseus when I have slain him, or maybe the son of Tydeus

CHORUS
O Apollo, blest godhead, lord of Thymbra and of Delos, who hauntest thy fane in Lycia,

come with all thy archery, appear this night, and by thy guidance save our friend now setting forth, and aid the Dardans' scheme,

Grant him to mount the chariot drawn by Phthia's steeds,those steeds that the sea-god gave to Peleus, son of Aeacus;

Phrygia yet hath left a valiant few, and bold hearts in the battle's press; 'tis only Mysia's sons who scorn us as allies.

MESSENGER
The very things of which I, too, came to tell thee; for a chieftain of a countless host is on his way to join thee as thy friend and to champion this land.

HECTOR
His country? and the home that he hath left?

MESSENGER
His country, Thrace: men call his father Strymon.

HECTOR
Didst say that Rhesus was setting foot in?
I see Rhesus mounted like a god upon his Thracian chariot. Of gold was the yoke that linked the necks of his steeds whiter than the snow; and on his shoulders flashed his targe with figures welded in gold; while a gorgon of bronze like that which gleams from the aegis of the goddess was bound upon the frontlet of his horses, ringing out its note of fear with many a bell.

Son of that tuneful mother, one of the Muses nine, and of Thracian Strymon's stream

HECTOR
Yet 'twas I with this strong arm that raised thee from thy paltry princedom to high lordship over Thrace, that day I fell upon the Thracian chieftains face to face around Pangaeus in Paeonia's land and broke their serried ranks, and gave their people up to thee

RHESUS
Scythian folk, whose borders march with mine, made war on me on the very eve of my departure for Ilium; already had I reached the strand of the Euxine sea, there to transport my Thracian army. Then did my spear pour out o'er Scythia's soil great drops of bloody rain

HECTOR
Our watchword is Phorbus, if haply there be need thereof; hear and mark it well and tell it to the Thracian army

Whose watch is it? who relieves me? night's earlier stars are on the wane, and the seven Pleiads mount the sky;

Who was told off to the first watch?
The son of Mygdon, whom men call Coroebus.
Who after him?
The Paconian contingent roused the Cilicians;
And the Mysians us.
Is it not then high time we went and roused the Lycians for the fifth watch, as the lot decided

ODYSSEUS
If however thou shouldst rouse them, dost know their watchword?

DIOMEDES
Yea, 'tis "Phorbus"; I heard Dolon use it.
ODYSSEUS
Ha! the foe I see have left this bivouac.

DIOMEDES
Yet Dolon surely said that here was Hector's couch, against whom this sword of mine is drawn

DIOMEDES
Well, we twain must go against Eneas or Paris, most hateful of Phrygians

ODYSSEUS
What! no harm! Have we not slain Dolon who spied upon the anchored fleet, and have we not his spoils safe here

ATHENA
Whither away from the Trojan ranks, with sorrow gnawing at your hearts, because fortune granteth not you twain to slay Hector or Paris? Have ye not heard that Rhesus is come to succour Troy in no mean sort? If he survive this night until to-morrow's dawn, neither Achilles nor Aias, stout spearman, can stay him from utterly destroying the Argive fleet, razing its palisades and carrying the onslaught of his lance far and wide within the gates; slay him, and all is thine; let Hector's sleep alone, nor hope to leave him a weltering trunk, for he shall find death at another hand.

ODYSSEUS
Queen Athena, 'tis the well-known accent of thy voice I hear

ATHENA
Here lies he close at hand, not marshalled with the other troops, but outside the ranks hath Hector given him quarters, till night gives place to day. And nigh him are tethered his white steeds to his Thracian chariot, easy to see in the darkness; glossy white are they like to the plumage of a river swan. Slay their master and bear them off, a glorious prize to any home, for nowhere else in all the world is such a splendid team to be found.

royal house of the Atreidaes of Phrygia

springs of Simois

THE MUSE
Curses on the son of Oeneus! Curses on Laertes' child! who hath reft me of my fair son and made me childless! and on that woman, too, that left her home in Hellas, and sailed hither with her Phrygian paramour,

I came too nigh to Strymon's fruitful couch, that day we Muses came unto the brow of Mount Pangaeus with its soil of gold, with all our music furnished forth for one great trial of minstrel skill with that clever Thracian bard, and him we reft of sight, even Thamyris, the man who oft reviled our craft

This was thy doing, Athena; thou alone art to blame for his death (neither Odysseus nor the son of Tydeus had aught to do with it);and Orpheus, own cousin of the dead whom thou hast slain,

Musaeus, too, thy holy citizen, of all men most advanced in lore, him did Phoebus with us sisters train. And here is my reward for this; dead in my arms I hold my child and mourn for him. Henceforth no other learned man I'll bring to thee.

even as the prophet of Bacchus did dwell in a grotto 'neath Pangaeus, a god whom his votaries honoured. Lightly now shall I feel the grief of the sea-goddess, for her son too must die. First then for thee we sisters must chaunt our dirge, and then for Achilles when Thetis mourns some day. Him shall not Pallas, thy slayer, save; so true the shaft Loxias keeps in his quiver for him.
http://classics.mit.edu/Euripides/rhesus.html

I think perhaps, that Menes could have been also referred to as Osiris, who we know had a brother Set. Osiris was murdered by Set.

Menes established Memphis and was killed by a Hippopotamus as Herodotus tells us.

Herodotus as we know, was careful not to reveal secrets about the initiates.

That statement being a good example.

The Hippopotamus was associated with SET.

Menes and SET could have been brothers around 3200 bC.

The Narmer Palette depicts this.

Now as I feel that Neith and Athena are related to Atlantis whom Menes also had a wife named Neith, we can see an eerie resemblence to the 10 Kings and the takeover of Memphis.

Once again we also have a Foreign ship on the palette that depicts a little Vulcan type horned creature on it. This would relate to a metal working Hephaistos type of culture.

Neith founded Athens with Athena, her daughter who was impregnated by Hephaistos an earlier Etruscan most likely as he is from around Mt Etna.

The Atlantis story tells us that Athens was founded by Athena and the "seed of Hephaistos".

Like the Oracle riddle, the priest did not say that Athena and Neith are in fact the same person, but merely thought of as the same. Mother and daughter.

Athena comes from Libya.

This strongly suggests what I feel is the Tunisian landbridge crossing from Atalantes,Algeria into Peleponnesia and to Athens.

Zeus from Crete married Hera from Eastern Peleponnesia. Athena was Zeus "adopted daughter" when she left Libya.

Athena went to Greece while Neith went to Egypt with Thoth after they stopped in Malta.

Atlantis sank around 6482 bC and the battle that we know about occured around 3450 bC.

Narmer is clearly telling us that the 10 Kings are no longer in power nor is their wisdom from the WEST to be retained by anyone, thus the decapitated heads.

And as it was also said by King Priam of Troy, that enemies too can respect each other, thus we see the funeral procession and their tomb burials designated by their orderly arrangement.

Even the Hykso's respected and carried ritual traditons of the Pharaohs around 1600bC.

A little while later, the Trismesgitus of Khufu,Menkaure and Khafre, revamped Sets religion and Sealed shut the Temples of Egypt around 2700 bC.

Generally the Egyptian Ships sailed around 3100 bC, but clearly we see the soon to be famous Dragon Claw Orb Ship sailing to the carbon dated Gebel-Arak-Knife around 3500 bC.

This ship was also carried out by the Creteans in Phaestus on their Phaistos Disk as I have pointed out to the world.

This brings us full circle back to the Tarxiens, which I have much to study about and a little settlement on the south coast of Crete known as the "MESARA PLAIN", AGHIA TRIADA and PHAESTUS.
http://www.ypai.gr/atlas/thesi_uk.asp?idthesis=547

Just wait you weak minded disbelievers.

Atlantis is closing in on you.

So it was spoken, so it was written

Death before Dishonor.

This was extraordinary;

IF thou dost the number know
Of the leaves on every bough,
If thou can'st the reckoning keep
Of the sands within the deep;
Thee of all men will I take,
And my Love's accomptant make.
Of Athenians first a score
Set me down; then fifteen more;
Add a regiment to these
Of Corinthian mistresses,
For the most renown'd for fair
In Achaea sojourn there;
Next our Lesbian Beauties tell;
Those that in Ionia dwell;
Those of Rhodes and Caria count;
To two thousand they amount.
Wonder'st thou I love so many?
'Las of Syria we not any,
Egypt yet, nor Crete have told,
Where his orgies Love doth hold.
What to those then wilt thou say
Which in eastern Bactria,
Or the western Gades remain?
But give o'er, thou toil'st in vain;
For the sum which thou dost seek
Puzzles all arithmetic.

TRANSLATED BY THOMAS STANLEY, 1651

-----

Do you/we know the geographical eqvivalent to;
"Western Gades" and "Eastern Bactria"?

The Old Iranian name of Paktra, which the classical writers named it Bactria and their language was known as Bactrian, and after invasion of Iran by Arabs in CE 7th c. it has come to be called Balkh; A northern province of Turkistan in modern Afghanistan, which boarders to the north, the river Oxus and the former USSR.

Not much has been known about this empire, only some coins and a little bit of writing and occasional archaeological artifacts. Much of the work on excavations of Bactrian artifacts has been done by French Archaeologists. Historians find remote references in other people's records about the kingdom.

It was from Bactria that came prophet Zarathushtra (Zartosht/Zardosht). Another source of spiritual home that made Bactria sacred was a great temple of the ancient Iranian goddess, Anahit (in Pahlavi or Middle-Persian) and Anahita (Ânâhitâ) in the Avesta hymns.

The temple was so rich that often it attracted the needy Syrian kings who sat out to plunder it. In her name and honor, in Armenia, girls prostituted themselves. Anaitis was a Scythian goddess, but she is identified also as Assyrian Mylitta, the Arabian Alytta and the Greek Venus Urania. Artaxerxes Mnemon, one of the emperors of Achaemenid dynasty was among her devotees. She is also associated with the Persian Mithra. Her association with Zoroaster adds to her popularity.

Bactria, by some writers, is called "the pride of Ariana". The ancient local citizen called it "Bactria the beautiful". Bactria was popular for its fertility. Besides Oxus, the Arius [modern Hari-rud] and a few other smaller river irrigate it. A large variety of fruits and vegetables grows here and excellent breed of sheep were raised in green Hindu Kush slopes. Bacteria is also known for its camels. Although they are rarely mentioned in history, they nevertheless played a significant role in shaping history. For example, the Parthians used these camels as ammunition carriers for their mounted infantry. Once were they ever celebrated in some coins. However, the most popular of the Bactrian animals is the Bactrian horse. This animal played a partial role in the reputation of Bactrian cavalry in the ancient world.

The once well watered land of Bactria and its fair climate has generally changed. The courses of the rivers have shifted, thus Bactria is not as glorious as it had been during the Macedonian occupation. The river Oxus once poured into the Caspian Sea, but now it flows into the Aral Sea. The modern city of Balkh [the old Bactrus], stood on the banks of this river, but now the city is a few miles away from the mighty Oxus.

Another feature of Bactria was the succession of mighty natural forts spread over the country, asserting to the traveler the safety and excellent strategical position of the city. As an example: when Antiochus the Great sieged Bactra, the Bactrians showed so much courage and stability - thanks to their location - that the king had no choice but to break the siege. Hence, the "siege of Bactra" in history is another way of saying stubborn resistance. When the Greeks came to Bactria [with Alexander], they were impressed by some features of Bactrian culture, namely clean and spacious suburbs. However, they were disgusted with the treatment of the dead. After the Achaemenian dynasty, especially during the Sasanian dynasty, the Zoroastrian religion required the bodies to be left exposed on a Dakhma [tower of silence] so that the birds of pray could eat them. On the other hand, dogs too ate the dead and they were considered sacred - to injure a dog was more offensive then man-slaughter, in the Vendidad. The streets were full of half wild dogs, and full of bone - presumably because they were the bones of the dead.

The original population of Bactria were largely Scythian. Apparently the Aryans who came over and took control, formed a military aristocracy over a technologically less developed people - as was the case with early Greeks, Romans and Gauls.

These people lived simple lives and were not effected by the luxury which spoiled the Persian Empire - they had the virtues of the true Persians. Their geographical location exposed them to all invaders, so they were in constant war. They also kept the worrier spirit alive.

Their long time enemy was the Scythians who lived to the north of Oxus and crossed over, from time to time, to loot the border villages. They were a free people; they resented an insult and very proud of the privilege of having a royal prince as their ruler. They fought for him to the last man, dying in honor, against the Greek invaders. In Persia, they were considered the most loyal subjects of the Empire. The Bactria's geographical location put them in an import strategic location put them in an import strategic location. Bactria was the center from which other parts of the empire could be checked. For example, Bactria was a block to the northern nomads, and a policeman in central Asia and had easy access to the northern, eastern and western provinces. Bactria was also a sacred place because of Zarathushtra raised from that land. It is also the home of the authorship of many of the oldest hymns of the Zand Avesta. Bactrians were also famous for proverbial sayings. One example is: when speaking of Alexander, a Bactrian chief said: "His bark is worse than his bite: for still waters run deep".

About four thousand years ago a collection of tribes known as the Aryans swept into South and West Asia - by a series of wave-like migration. Most historians divide there people into two groups, the Aryans and the Iranians [although they are all from the Aryan race]. First tribes were the Aryan tribe, which later were pushed down over the Paropamisus [mountains] into Punjab. The Iranians split into two sections, one section went West and founded settlements on the Tigris and Euphrates valley - which later became strong Kingdoms. Of this section, separated yet other tribes such as the Persians and the Medes. The Persians spread over the elevated lands of the Persian golf region. The Medes subdivided into smaller clans and occupied The land between the Caspian Sea to the land of Persis. The other section of the Iranians took the easterly direction. They also pushed the Aryans before them to the mountains and settled on the banks of the Oxus. They made Bactra {modern Balkh} their capital, and seized the ancient shine of Bactra. Forming an aristocracy over the local people they lived in isolation. They had a swift cavalry which suddenly attacked the enemy from the slopes and quickly retired to their strongholds.

The Aryans and the Iranians of Bactria, had a lot in common. They spoke the same language, worshiped the forces of nature, such as: Varuna, the shining Vault of Heaven; Mithra, the friendly light of the sun; Vayu; the wind that pushes aside the storms and clears the heaven; Yama, the primeval man, reigning over the blessed souls in paradise. The powers of nature, to them, were the signs of something far more deeply interfused. In their ceremonies they also drunk the sacred Juice, Soma. These two races slowly drifted apart as time went on, for not known reasons. Although the history of early Bactria is vague, the historians gather that as early as the second millennium B.C., a powerful confederacy, centered in Bactria existed in South Central Asia. The confederacy was created to survive the influences of powerful neighbors such as the Persians, the Medes and the non-Aryans (An-Iranian).

Historians gather that Zarathushtra Spitama was born probably at Raghae or Rai, in Media Atropatene; and he belonged to the tribe of Magu who had acquired a monopoly in religious functions. It is probably Zarathushtra who changes the religion of the Iranians from the old Aryan to the Zarathushtrian. By this time, the language also changed. Iranians held the fire sacred and stopped burning their dead, instead they exposed the dead to the birds. Out of the old religion came new practices, for example, holding some animals [like the dog] sacred and punish people severely for harming them. Also minute rituals were created around new practices. Lastly, the existence of a dualism in Nature appeared. They explained Evil as the work of Ahreman, Ahura Mayniu, the prince of Darkness and the lord of the Hosts of Daeva [this may have been acquired from contact with Semitic people]. The legend is that Zarathushtra appeared during the reign of Gushtaspa at "Bactra the beautiful, city of the high - streaming banner". Zarathushtra's wife's family were very influential in the Royal court, that helped Zarathushtra spread his religion. Hence, Bactria became the heart of the new creed. According to Ferdowsi. Zarathushtra was killed by an invading Scythian party in front of his fire-altar, in Balkh.

Around 700 B.C., the Medes over came the Assyrian rule and over-threw that great empire. From the Ashes of Assyria arose two new nations. Babylon and Media. In 550 B.C. Cyrus the Great over threw the Medes and established the Achaemenid dynasty in Persia. In 538 B.C., the Persians took Babylon [freeing the Jews] and thus became masters of Western Asia. After the conquest of Babylon, Bactria submitted willingly to Cyrus and for the first time the whole "Iranian" division of the Aryan race were united under one ruler. Seeing the danger of the Scythian invasion, Cyrus stationed a blood prince to act as the kings Viceroy. The first of such royal representatives was Cyrus's own son, Smerdis [Tanoxyarces]. Cyrus expanded his boundaries to the North and South. On a second invasion on the barbers [called Massu Getae] living between the Oxus [Amu] and Jaxartes [Sir] rivers, Cyrus was killed. After Cyrus the Great, his son Cambyses took the power, and so continued to expand the Achaemenid dynasty.

In 356 B.C., in Macedonia was born, to king Philip and Olympia's daughter Ophan Epirote prince, a son who was destined to over throw the feared Persia. Alexander, at age of twenty proved himself capable of commending in the battle of Thebes. From here he continued the preparation of the invasion of Persia, from where his father had left off.

In 334 B.C., Alexander's 30,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry in the battle of Grunicus won a decisive battle and set the stage to conquer Asia minor. Darius, the Persian king, retreated battle after battle, losing ground to Alexander - who followed the running monarch city to city. Finally, the king become refugee in Bactria, where he was assassinated by his own people in the hope that Alexander would stop following Darius II. Nonetheless, Alexander did go to Bactria and killed the murderer. Bactra the sacred city and the capital of Bactria was the last of the Persian Empire's provinces to fall. In 328 BCE, while preparing for the conquest of Arabia, he died of malarial fever at the age of 32, in the Babylon desert. He left behind a great Empire which needed an Alexander to be organized into one nation.

Alexander's Empire fell into a war- zone for power. Three generals of Alexander took under their control, most of the Empire. They were Ptolemy, Antigonus and Seleucus. A whole series of events changed the shape of Asia. Constant war for power among Greeks converted most of Asia into a battlefield. I would like to skip over all that confusion and come to Diodotus I. He was a satrap stationed at Bactria. When the Seleucids became weak he became independent and remained so until his death in 230 B.C. A high official of Diodothus I, Euthydemus, with the help of Queen's help came to power in 227 B.C. He was the real founder of an independent Bactria. In 208 B.C. the reigning Seleucid monarch Antiochus III gave his daughter to Euthydemus's son Demetrius. Euthydemus expanded his empire outward. He died in 189 B.C. and his son Demetrius took power. He continued to expand his rule. He ruled over a great area. Unfortunately his expansion was too much for his army and his treasury. In 167 B.C. a general of Antiochus Epiphanes [a Seleucid ruler], ruler of Syria and other Greeks, by the name Eucratides, invaded Bactria, defeated and killed Demetrius. Eucratides was probably killed by his son is 159 B.C. and ruled it along with Parthia. Menander I of India came to power and ruled over India and later, Bactria. He was a great ruler. Menander died around 145 B.C. Heliocles, a Greek of Asia minor came to claim Menander's throne, right after Menander's death. It was during this time that a horde from Central Asia over-run Bactria.

In the middle of third century B.C., Chin Shin Huang - Ti of the Chin dynasty reunited China and drove the nomads of outside the walls away. They moved Westward. The Yuch-Chi were defeated by Chins and Huns so moved Westward. Finally in 140 B.C., they over-run Bactria and Sogdiana. They left behind the Kushano-Sasanian dynasty of which, Kanishka is the greatest monarch.

Professor Nicholas Sims-Williams of the
School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, who is the leading expert of the Sogdian and Bactrian languages, gave a lecture on the discovery and decipherment of Bactrian documents, written in the little-known Iranian language of Ancient Afghanistan in modified Greek script, at the Ancient Orient Museum in Ikebukuro, Tokyo, on September 23.

Three quotes;
“The opening lines refer to Kanishka as "the great salvation, the righteous, just autocrat, worthy of divine worship, who has obtained the kingship from Nana and from all the gods, who has inaugurated the year one as the gods pleased". Then comes the significant statement: "He issued(?) an edict(?) in Greek and then he put it into the Aryan language". In principle, any of the Indo-European languages of Iran or India could be called "Aryan"; but when Kanishka refers to "the Aryan language" he surely means Bactrian, the language of this inscription, just as Darius meant Old Persian, the language of his inscription, when he wrote: "By the grace of Auramazda, I made another text in Aryan, which previously did not exist". It is difficult not to associate Kanishka's emphasis here on the use of the "Aryan language" with the replacement of Greek by Bactrian on his coinage. The numismatic evidence shows that this must have taken place very early in Kanishka's reign, quite possibly in his very first year.“
“Bactrian even attests an Indo-European root which is apparently not found in any language more closely related than Greek.”
“The complete elucidation of the Bactrian documents and inscriptions will require many kinds of expertise: in palaeography and epigraphy, in history, historical geography, history of religions, numismatics, sphragistics, Arabic, Turkish, Chinese ... Since no one individual could possibly be competent in so many fields, such a task demands collaboration between scholars in several disciplines. The starting-point for this collaboration must be the decipherment of the text and the drafting of a first, tentative translation. This is the business of the philologist, who employs his linguistic instinct and his knowledge of cognate languages to formulate hypotheses about the meanings of words and the grammatical structure of the language. Without his preliminary work there is in fact nothing for anyone else to study.”

Read the rest on; www.gengo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hkum/bactrian.html

Archaeological update (My abstract);

Wednesday, 12 June 2002

TEHRAN- The Hekmataneh hill which is located in the chains of Alvand Mountain slope and the south east of Hamedan, is full of untold secrets about Iran's sparkling history.

This 3000-year-old hill has buried the secrets of Iran's first kingdom and the greatness of the Iranian's rich and ancient civilization in itself.

Beneath vast layers of the soil which make up this hill, a city called Hekmataneh or Ekbatana is buried. This city which was Iranians first capital city, which was established by the order of King Diâoco, of the Median dynasty.

This city was made as a surrounding location for preventing the attacks of the foreigners and enemies. Therefore it was built in seven layers and in different colors and now only a hill has remained of it.

Since Hekmataneh was a prominent city during Achaemenids era, the Arab invaders considered the opening of this city in 666 to be their greatest victory after the conquest of Nahavand and their victory over the Sasanians.

The surviving monuments of Hekmataneh Hill include some parallel routes and passages which are located by 36m from each other, each one of them has 3.5 width and in the distance between some buildings were made.

The monuments and artefacts discovered from Hekmataneh Hill gold plaques which date back to Aryans, Darius the Great and Darius II, silver plaque dating back to Darius the Great, a fragment of a silver dish which dates back to Xerxes, plates and silver cups from Artaxerxes I and the stand of a stone pillar which holds the name of Artaxerxes II along with a lot of jewellery.

Some archaeologists believe that these artefacts are among the precious materials which were hidden by Darius III in Hekmataneh Citadel when Alexander Maqdouni attacked there and on the other hand when Alexander got his hand on the monuments of Persepolis, he transferred them to Hekmataneh.

Further read; www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/News/12-June-02.htm

Here's one example of "decay by Anacreon".

570 bC.

Translated by Sir Thomas Stanley

http://www.geocities.com/~bblair/stanley_anacreon.htm#2

The Swallow XIII

ATIS through deserted groves
Cybele invoking roves:
And like madness them befell
Who were drunk at Phoebus' Well:
But I willingly will prove
Both these Furies, Wine, and Love

XXXIII

GENTLE Swallow, thou we know
Every year dost come and go,
In the Spring thy nest thou mak'st;
In the Winter it forsak'st,
And divert'st thy self awhile
Near the Memphian Towers, or Nile;

Europa XXXV

THIS the figure is of Jove,
To a Bull transform'd by Love,
On whose back the Tyrian Maid
Through the Surges was convaid:
See how swiftly he the wide
Sea doth with strong hoofs divide;
He (and he alone) could swim,
None o' th' Herd ere follow'd him.

Love's Arrows XLV

IN the Lemnian Forge of late
Vulcan making Arrows sate;
Whilst with Honey their barb'd points
Venus, Love with Gall anoints:
Armed Mars by chance comes there,
Brandishing a sturdy Spear,

On a Basin wherein Venus was engrav'd LI

WHAT bold hand the Sea engraves
Whilst its undetermin'd waves
In a Dish's narrow Round
Art's more powerful rage doth bound?
See, by some Promethean mind
Cytherea there design'd,
Mother of the Deities,
Expos'd naked to our eyes
In all parts, save those alone
Modesty will not have shown,
Which for covering only have
The thin Mantle of a wave:
On the surface of the Main,
Which a smiling calm lays plain,
She, like frothy Sedges, swims
And displays her snowy Limbs:
Whilst the foaming billow swells
As her breast its force repels,
And her form striving to hide
Her doth by her Neck divide,
Like a Lily round beset
By the Purple Violet;
Loves, who Dolphins do bestride,
O'er the silver surges ride,
And with many a wanton smile
Lovers of their hearts beguile;
Whilst the People of the Flood
To her side, like Wantons, scud.

The Rose LIII

When Cythera from the Main,
Pallas sprung from Jove's cracked Brain,
Then the Rose receiv'd its Birth
From the youthful teeming Earth;
Every God was its Protector,
Wat'ring it by turns with Nectar,
Till from Thorns it grew, and prov'd
Of Lyeus the belov'd.
The Combat XV

I NOT care for Gyges' sway,
Or the Lydian scepter weigh;
Nor am covetous of gold,
Nor with envy Kings behold:

The Captive XVI

THOU of Thebes, of Troy sings He,
I my own captivity;
'Twas no Army, horse or foot,
Nor a Navy brought me too't,
But a stranger Enemy
Shot me from my Mistress' eye.

The Cup XVII

VULCAN come, thy hammer take,
And of burnished silver make
(Not a glittering armour, for
What have we to do with war?
But) a large deep Bowl, and on it
I would have thee carve (no Planet,
Pleiads, Waines nor Waggoners,
What have we to do with stars?
But to life exactly shape)

Another XVIII

But the sprightly of Son of Jove,
With the beauteous Queen of Love;
There, beneath a pleasant shade
By a Vine's wide branches made,
Must the Loves, their arms laid by,
Keep the Graces company:
And the bright-haired God of day
With a youthful Bevy play.

The Invitation XXVII

JOVE-born Bacchus when possessed
(Care exiling) of my breast,
In a sprightly Saraband
Guides my foot and ready hand,

The Lute I

OF th' Atrides I would sing,
Or the wand'ring Theban King;
But when I my Lute did prove,
Nothing it would sound but Love;
I new strung it, and to play
Herc'les labours did essay;
But my pains I fruitless found,
Nothing it but Love would sound;
Heroes then farewell, my Lute
To all strains, but Love, is mute.

The Picture XXVIII

From her kindly killing eye
Make a flash of lightning fly,
Sparkling like Minerva's, yet
Like Cythera's mildly sweet;
Roses in milk swimming, seek
For the pattern of her Cheek:
In her lip such moving blisses
As from all may challenge kisses;
Round her neck (outvying
Parian stone) the Graces flying;
And o'er all her limbs at last
A loose purple mantle cast,
But so ordered, that the eye
Some part naked may descry,
An essay by which the rest
That lies hidden may be guessed.
So; to life th' hast come so near,
All of her, but voice, is here.

The Dove IX

WHITHER flies my pretty Dove?
Whither humble Scout of Love?
From whose wings perfumes distill,
And the air with sweetness fill.
Is't to thee which way I'm bent?
By Anacreon I am sent
To Rodantha, she who all
Hearts commands; love's General.
I to Venus did belong,
But she sold me for a song

Love imprison'd XXXI

PRITHEE trouble me no more;
I will drink, be mad, and roar:
Alcmæ'on and Orestes grew
Mad, when they their Mothers slew:
But I no man having kill'd
Am with hurtless fury fill'd;
Hercules with madness strook,
Bent his Bow, his Quiver shook;
Ajax mad, did fiercely wield
Hector's Sword, and grasped his Shield:
I nor Spear nor Target have,
But this Cup (my weapon) wave:
Crown'd with roses, thus for more
Wine I call, drink, dance, and roar.

"It is that it is alarming, the deep hole
of Hadès, it is difficult the way
who carries out to it. And then it is certain
for that(he?) which goes down there that it(he?) will not go up."

Could this be the underground place as described in the Lemminkainen Temple material? Is the Lemminkainen Temple Hades?

From www.bocksaga.de

"The Bock Saga tells about a place called Gumbo(strand), where (they would)hold a death ceremony, when the grandmother of Ior Bock's family (Gumman Ella) had decided to leave the Earth.

In Gumbo there is a rocky hill or mountain which has actually two tops and which are called respectively Sibo Mountain (or Bock Mountain) and Gumbo Mountain.
Between these two tops is a ravine. Above the ravine is a rock boulder called "Ättestupa" (Death Rock) from where Gumman Ella in her death ceremony has made herself to fall down into the ravine to die.

Next to the Stupa is another rock boulder called Sundial Rock.
(The photo above shows the formation - the Ättestupa is the tall upright boulder in the middle with round top and the Sundial Rock is partly visible on the right hand side with flat top).

When Gumman Ella had fallen down and died, her body was burned on a pyre, which was prepared on the highest point of the Sibo Mountain.

(In Northern Mythology there are three kinds of "ASGARD": the celestial, the one on the earth and the subterranean. The above ground evidence of Asgard has been wiped away by the glacier and what was rebuilt after was destroyed by the Papal armies in about 1050. All that remains was hidden underground just prior to that time)

The Saga tells about underground temple called Lemminkäinen Temple, or Balders Temple, which was a temple of Life, where has been hold fertility ceremonies for men.
This temple is a kind of cupola inside the Sibo Mountain, just under the burning place (of Gumman Ella).

The Saga tells also about underground world of death called "Manala" (maan alla), where the grandfather Gubbe of the Bock family did his death ceremony.

When one family generation died, the history of that time (in a form of beautiful esthetic gifts and a life size statue of Gubbe as an young man, everything made of gold and precious stones to last forever) was stored into underground storage rooms of Manala.
The entrance to this storage has been told to be just under Lemminkäinen temple.
This underground storage has also been referred as "Undervärk" meaning "wonderwork".

The place was in use already long time ago, during an era called Paradise Time. The place has a natural underground formation, which has been refined by the humans of that time.
The Paradise had its' end and then started a new era, the Ice Time which is called in the Saga as Altlandis or Atlantis Time."

Boreas, is the "underground world of death called "Manala" the Greek's Hades?

Anacreon
(c.572-488BC)
Poet from Teos in Asia Minor who lived and worked in Athens, Samos and Thessaly. He wrote mainly about love and wine, and invented a poetic form of verse called anacreonic.

Kings of Corinth
Lengths of Reign Dates
Aletes......35.............1069-1034
Ixion.......37.............1034- 997
Agelaus.....37..............997- 960
Prymnus.....34..............960- 926
........(or 35)............(960- 925)
Bacchis.....36..............926- 890
........(or 35.............(925- 890)
Agelas......30..............890- 860
Eudemus.....25..............860- 835
Aristomedes.35..............835- 800
Agemon......16..............800- 784
Alexander...25..............784- 759
Telestes....12..............759- 747
Automenes....1..............747- 746

The Constitution....90......746- 656
The Tyranny.........73.1/2..656- 583

Kings of Athens
Lengths of Reign Dates
Cecrops.....50.............1556-1506
Cranaus......9.............1506-1497
Amphictyon..10.............1497-1487
Erecthonius.50.............1487-1437
PandionI....40.............1437-1397
Erechtheus..50.............1397-1347
CecropsII...40.............1347-1307
PandionII...25.............1307-1282
Aegaeus.....48.............1282-1234
Theseus.....30.............1234-1204
Menestheus..23.............1204-1181

(Eusebius dates the fall of Troy in the First Trojan War to the year 1181, just before the summer solstice. Immediately after the war Menestheus was murdered at the Isle of Melus, before he was able to return to Athens.)

Demophon....33.............1181-1148
Oxyntes.....12.............1148-1136
Aphidas......1.............1136-1135
Thymoetes....8.............1135-1127
Melanthus...37.............1127-1090
Codrus......21.............1090-1069

Perpetual Archons of Athens
Lengths of Reign Dates
Medon, son of Codrus
............20.............1069-1049
Acastus.....36.............1049-1013
Archippus...19.............1013- 994
Thersippus..41..............994- 953
Phorbas.....31..............953- 922
Megacles....30..............922- 892
Diognetus...28..............892- 864
Pherecles...19..............864- 845
Ariphron....20..............845- 825
Thespieus...27..............825- 798
Agamestor...20..............798- 778
Aeschylus...23..............778- 755
Alcmaeon.....2..............755- 753

Athens was not the oldest city in Greece. That honor goes to Sicyon, a city located near Corinth.
The name Aegialeus in Greek means "man of the coastland" or "shoreland
The original name of Sicyon was Aegialea. This Greek name was derived from the city's first king, Aegialeus

Kings of Sicyon
Lengths of Reign Dates
Aegialeus...52.............2063-2011
Europs......45.............2011-1966
Telchin.....20.............1966-1946
Apis........25.............1946-1921
Thelxion....52.............1921-1869
Aegydru.....34.............1869-1835
Thurimachus.45.............1835-1790
Leucippus...53.............1790-1737
Messapus....47.............1737-1690
Eratus, or Peratus
............46.............1690-1644
Plemnaeus...48.............1644-1596
Orthopolis..63.............1596-1533
Marathon....30.............1533-1503
Marathus....20.............1503-1483
Echireus....55.............1483-1428
Corax.......30.............1428-1398
Lamedon.....40.............1398-1358
Epopeus.....32.............1358-1326
Lamedon again3.............1326-1323
Sicyon, who gave his name to the city.
............45.............1323-1278
........(or 42)...........{1323-1281)
Polybus.....40.............1278-1238
........(or 43)...........(1281-1238)
Inachus.....42.............1238-1196
Phaestus.....8.............1196-1188
Adrastus.....4.............1188-1184
Polyphides..31.............1184-1153
Pelasgus....20.............1153-1133
Zeuxippus...31.............1133-1102
........(or 32)...........(1133-1101

(The year 1102-1101 marks the return of the famous Heraclidae, in the 80th year after the fall of Troy (1181) in the First Trojan war. In his last year Zeuxippus was compelled to share the throne with the priests of Apollo Carneus, appointed at the return of the Heraclidae.)

Priests of Apollo Carneus Governing Sicyon

Lengths of Reign Dates
Archelaus....1.............1102-1101
Automedon....1.............1101-1100
Theoclytus...4.............1100-1096
Euneus.......6.............1096-1090
Theonomus....9.............1090-1081
Amphichyes..12.............1081-1069
........(or 18)...........(1081-1063)

Agidae Kings of Sparta to the First Olympic according to Eusebius
Lengths of Reign Dates
Eurysthenes.42.............1101-1059
Agis.........1.............1059-1058
Echestratus.35.............1058-1023
Labotas.....37.............1023- 986
Dorysthus...29..............986- 957
Agesilaus...44..............957- 913
Archelaus...60..............913- 853
Teleclus....40..............853- 813
Alcamenes...37..............813- 776

Kings of Macedonia to Alexander the Great
Lengths of Reign Dates
Caranus.....28..............813-785
Coenus......12..............785-773
Tyrimmas....38..............773-735
PerdiccaI...51..............735-684
ArgaeusI....38..............684-646
PhilippusI..38..............646-608
Aeropus.....26..............608-582
Alcetas.....29..............582-553
AmyntasI....50..............553-503
Alexander...43..............503-460
PerdiccaII..28..............460-432
Archelaus...24..............432-408
Orestes......3..............408-405
Archelaus (again)
.............4..............405-401
AmyntasII....1..............401-400
Pausanias....1..............400-399
AmyntasII (again)
.............6..............399-393
ArgaeusII....2..............393-391
AmyntasII(again)
............18..............391-373
Alexander....1..............373-372
Ptolemaeus...4..............372-368
PerdiccaIII..6..............368-362
PhilippusII.26..............362-336
Alexander the Great
............12..............336-324

Kings of Argos to End of First Trojan War According to Castor, from Eusebius
Lengths of Reign Dates
Inachus.....50.............1852-1802
Phoroneus...60.............1802-1742
Apis........35.............1742-1707
Argus.......70.............1707-1637
Criasus.....54.............1637-1583
Phorbas.....35.............1583-1548
Triopas.....46.............1548-1502
Crotopus....21.............1502-1481
Sthenelus...11.............1481-1470
Danaus, fled from Egypt to Greece
............50.............1470-1420
Lynceus, son-in-law of Danaus
............41.............1420-1379
Abas........23.............1379-1356
Proetus.....17.............1356-1339
Acrisius....31.............1339-1308
Eurystheus..45.............1308-1263
Atreus and Thyestes
............65.............1263-1198
Agamemnon, exercised hegemony over Argos
............17.............1198-1181

The date of Inachus is significant. Inachus is but the Latin form of the Greek name Inachos, or the Egyptian name Weneg. The tradition is that Inachus and his immediate descendants were in some way connected with Egypt. A comparison with Dynasty II of Egypt reveals a king Weneg whose reign ended in 1852, the very year Inachus appeared in Greece! There can be no doubt that this was an early Egyptian colony in Greece. Inachus was not some unknown hero. He was of the royal family of Egypt. Note Egyptian names of son and grandson -- Phoroneus, Apis -- as added proof.
Sea Powers of the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean
One of the most interesting documents of antiquity is a list of Sea Powers (Thalassocracies) preserved by Eusebius from Diodorus. This list begins with the revival of anti-Greek Heraclidae power in the second Trojan War under the Maeonians who settled in Lydia. The Maeonians are mentioned in the Bible, in Judges 10:12 as Maonites, and as allies of the Midianites and Amalekites. (See also Judges 6:33.) "The Journal of Hellenic Studies", Vol. XXVII (1907), page 83, provides the most important scholarly study of the Thalassocracies yet made.

Sea Powers (Thalassocrasies) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Seas to 480 Duration Date
Lydians, who are the Maeonians
............92.............1149-1057
Pelasgians or Sea Peoples
............85.............1057- 972
Thracians...79..............972- 893
Rhodians....23..............893- 870
Phrygians...25..............870- 845
Cyprians....32..............845- 813
Phoenicians.45..............813- 768
Egyptians...43..............768- 725
Milesians...18..............725- 707
Carians.....61..............707- 646
Lesbians....68..............646- 578
........(or 96)............(674- 578)
Phocaeians..44..............578- 534
Samians.....17..............534- 517
Lacedemonians (Spartans)
.............2..............517- 515
Naxians.....10..............515- 505
Eritreans...15..............505- 490
Aeginetans..10..............490- 480

Early Kings of Lavinium (founded 1179) and Alba (founded 1149) after the First Trojan War
Lengths of Reign Dates
Aenaes................3........1178-1175
Ascanius.............38........1175-1137
Sylvius..............29........1137-1108
Aenaes Sylvius.......31........1108-1077
Latinus Sylvius......50........1077-1027
Alba Sylvius.........39........1027- 988
Aegyptus Sylvius.....24.........988- 964
Capis Sylvius........28.........964- 936
Carpentus Sylvius....13.........936- 923
Tiberinus Sylvius.....8.........923- 915
Agrippa Sylvius......41.........915- 874
Aremulus Sylvius.....19.........874- 855
Aventinus Sylvius....37.........855- 818
Procas Sylvius.......23.........818- 795
.................(or 21).......(818- 797)
Amulius Sylvius......42.........795- 753
.................(or 44).......(797- 753)
Numa Pompilius.......43.........715- 672
Tullus Hostilius.....32.........672- 640
Ancus Martius........24.........640- 616
Targuinius Priscus...38.........616- 578
Servius Tullius......44.........578- 534
.................(or 34).......(578- 544)
Tarquinius Superbus..25........534- 509
.................(or 35)......(544- 509)

You would not believe how long it took me to edit this so you guys could have a great kings list to reflect on, they are not my dates though, okay.

I did some googling about the 2nd Dynasty king named Weneg/(=Inachos). And the results are mind boggling.

We all know that Greek myths usually claim the Greeks did everything significant in history. OK. So in this case, the Greek myths are talking about the Inachus river of the Argolid, and saying that the river's daughter went to Egypt, under the name of Io.

(According to Carlos Parada's website: girls do not turn into cows.)

According to modern scholars, Weneg was a 2nd Dynasty king who ruled among the celebrated Ab family at Abydos. I seem to recall that the 2nd dynasty made some sailing excusions to the west, and left behind some buried boats. Perhaps one of the 2nd Dynsty kings was killed by a hippopotamous while on an expedition to the west.

But the following link explains that Manetho's king list gave a celebrity name to the personality who is known, from other Egyptian documents, to be king Weneg. Manetho called him Tlas. The link below points out that Khasekhemui was fighting against a Libyan conspiracy (headed by Peribsen, a follower of Set) at roughly this same time. http://www.touregypt.net/hdyn2.htm

You and I have encountered thus guy Tlas before. Tlas is quite famous in tradional Greek myths because he sent so many daughters to the Peloponnese. Tlas correlates the the mythical Arcadian king named Atlas.

I find this particularly interesting because it correlates with Robert Graves' view that a Neith migration took place around this time (when patriarchal people took control of Lower Egypt), going from the western Nile Delta to somewhere in Greece.

And the king who ruled Egypt after Tlas was named Send or Sent or Sethenes. Paul Schliemann made king Send notorious by proposing that his grandfather believed Send had been involved with the Atlanteans.

Wasn't he also Libyan?

But this brings another of many Kings that immigrated to Greece and 4 that are said to have initiated Greece.

)Senuseret )Weneg )Belus )Cadmus

Tlas sure fits the description of transferring daughters to Peloponnesia with the Tunisia Landbridge crossings or early voyages anyway.

There is a female daughter of a Pharaoh also called Inachkos I believe in my recent world of history posts around 1800 bC if I recall correctly.

Moreover, according to present ethnology the modern man – as well as the present Caucasians - with agriculture and metallurgy, are supposed to have evolved in the very area of Trans-Caucasia.

--------------------------------------------
Quote;
“Bactrians were also famous for proverbial sayings. One example is: when speaking of Alexander, a Bactrian chief said: "His bark is worse than his bite: for still waters run deep".
--------------------------------------------
Inclining that the Bactrians and the Macedonians were of the same blood-line.
Or?

--------------------------------------------
Quote;
About four thousand years ago a collection of tribes known as the Aryans swept into South and West Asia - by a series of wave-like migration. Most historians divide there people into two groups, the Aryans and the Iranians [although they are all from the Aryan race]. First tribes were the Aryan tribe, which later were pushed down over the Paropamisus [mountains] into Punjab. The Iranians split into two sections, one section went West and founded settlements on the Tigris and Euphrates valley - which later became strong Kingdoms. Of this section, separated yet other tribes such as the Persians and the Medes. The Persians spread over the elevated lands of the Persian golf region. The Medes subdivided into smaller clans and occupied The land between the Caspian Sea to the land of Persis.
The land of Per-Zevs? From where comes the eponym “Per”?

--------------------------------------------

Quote;
The other section of the Iranians took the easterly direction. They also pushed the Aryans before them to the mountains and settled on the banks of the Oxus. They made Bactra {modern Balkh} their capital, and seized the ancient shine of Bactra. Forming an aristocracy over the local people they lived in isolation.
--------------------------------------------

Is Oxus defined, or may it be Volga?
If we compare the name of their capitol, with see an influence of BAL, as in BALder, BALtic. Here we find Balder from BALkan via BALasov (at Asov) and BALkash (by the Kash-pian Sea). That’s why the capitol of Balkh become all the more interesting…
--------------------------------------------

Quote;
The Aryans and the Iranians of Bactria, had a lot in common. They spoke the same language, worshiped the forces of nature, such as: Varuna, the shining Vault of Heaven; Mithra, the friendly light of the sun; Vayu; the wind that pushes aside the storms and clears the heaven; Yama, the primeval man, reigning over the blessed souls in paradise. The powers of nature, to them, were the signs of something far more deeply interfused. In their ceremonies they
also drunk the sacred Juice, Soma.

1. All aligned with the old pagan traditions. Soma is the mate-product of Psyche, right?! In that case; from where does the Persian royal kingdom arrive?
2. Whats the grip on this case; Is Perseus a descendant of Zeus, - indicating a Greek descent, - or is he simply “The Zeus” (head-gode)of the Persians, but from a completly different king-line? In case which?

Riv,
The follow-up of Bactria/Sigdana have led to the following indepth, fresh from the lab;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

"To Be Made into Parts"

Dismemberment in Dan 2:5 and 3:29 as

an ARYAN (Old-Persian) Idiom

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

By John Makujina

The book of Daniel contains two threats by king Nebuchadnezzar to dismember those not complying with his wishes. In the first instance, his own sages are at risk for failing to interpret the king's dream: "The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, 'The command from me is final: if you do not tell me the dream and its interpretation, you will be dismembered and your houses will be reduced to rubble'" (Dan 2:5). The second time this punishment is imposed is in Dan 3:29 where Nebuchadnezzar warns that anyone that dishonors the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego "will be dismembered and his house will be reduced to rubble."
A clue to the possible Old Persian origin of haddamin tit abdun/yit abed is the presence of haddamin, a noun that is undoubtedly a loanword for the Old Persian *handaman-, "limb, body part."(5) *Handaman- is often reconstructed by way of the New Persian andam, "limb," but the Western Middle Iranian handam (also andam, hanam), "limb," and the Avestan handaman- (Yasht 14.56) are much more appropriate models, both orthographically and chronologically.(6) In the transfer from Old Persian to Aramaic the first nasal, -n-, of *handaman- apparently assimilated into the daleth - thus haddamin - as also seems to be the case in at least one other Old Persian loanword, hoddu, "India" (Esth 1:1; 8:9), derived from the Old Persian and Avestan hindu-.(7)

Among the living East Iranian languages, Pashto and Munji share a distinctive feature, the shift of ancient Iranian d to 1. This is also typical of a dialect, traces of which have been preserved in personal names and toponyms of Indo-Scythia (the region of the lower Indus and Kathiavar), Sakastana, and Arachosia, and which was probably brought there or adapted by Sakas moving into the area from northern India.
If one accepts the hypothesis that these languages spread as a direct result of migrations of the Amyrgians, the same feature should be present in the latter's language. The small measure of direct information about the language of the Farghana Amyrgians includes this particular trait. Demodamas (who not long after Alexander renewed the campaign against the trans-Tanais Scythians, i.e., the Amyrgians) established that the Jaxartes (which Alexander and his soldiers called Tanais) was called Silis by the Scythians (Pliny 6.49; Solinus [mid-third century CE] 49.5; compare Eustathius ad Dionysius Periegetes 14). This Scythian word has long been regarded as an example of a typical d > 1 shift: the most convincing explanation of the word derives it from the name of the Syr Darya (*Sida = ?), the most ancient form of which is Sanskrit Sita.l6 In Indian texts, the Sita is mentioned together with the Ganges, Indus, and Oxus (Vakhsh; Amu Darya) as the either four or seven major rivers that trace their source to the mythical Mount Meru.
To match the tense and voice of the hithpeel imperfects tit abdun/yit abed, a future passive example in Old Persian - by way of the passive optative of kar - would probably be satisfactory: *[hauv] handama kariyais, "he shall be made into parts."
Despite the possibility of a Semitic explanation for haddamin tit abdun/yit abed, I conclude that the cumulative evidence makes the proposal for an Old Persian origin compelling: a lack of evidence for the double-object construction with bd in Old and Biblical Aramaic, with the exception of clauses under possible Persian influence; the existence of a serviceable verb for dismemberment in Old Aramaic; the inclusion of haddamin within the proposed calque; the presence of this expression within the context of phraseology peculiar to the official Persian documents of Ezra; and, most importantly, the resemblance of the clause to the function of kar- in Old Persian and its apparent survival as andam andam kardan in New Persian.
The outcome of this study may have implications for the critical study of Daniel, as well as for topics like linguistic influence and cultural exchange in the Persian period. In terms of literary issues, there is now further evidence for the anachronistic use of Persian terminology within a Babylonian setting in the book of Daniel. This study also suggests that Old Persian influenced the book of Daniel and Imperial Aramaic in more ways than hitherto estimated, especially in regard to syntax and loan translations. In discussions of the interaction of Old Persian and Aramaic, Aramaic is usually considered the dominant language and credited with a far greater degree of influence. Yet if the conclusions of this study are correct and if other calques can be found in Imperial Aramaic, the subordinate role of Old Persian may need revision.
JOHN MAKUJINA
WESTMINSTER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/Languages/aryan/aryan_idiom_in_bible.htm

Please note that "Handa-man" represents hand+man in both English, German, and Scandinavian. The human hand is one of natures real wonders - and thus our most significant/important/needed limb.

Haáp......................Apis
Ankhet....................Anukis
Asar......................Osiris
Anpu......................Anubis
Apep......................Apophis
Asar-Hap..................Sarapis or Serapis
Wadjet....................Buto or Edjo)
Anti...............Antwey Antaios Antaeus
Ernutet...................Termouthis)
Horakhte..................Harmakhis
Harpakhrad/Heru-Pa-Khret
Wasret,Sen-wosret,........Sesostris)
"The man (son) of Wasret"."The Powerful
Harpokrates)... meant "Horus the child"
Hathor.....................Athyr
Henen-Nesut................Herakleopolis
"he who is upon his lake"
Hor........................Horus.................."at the horizon"
Imhotep....................Imouthes
Eset/Aset..................Isis....."seat"
Khenty.....................Amenty
"the land on the other side"
Ptah.......................Hephaistos
......Tatenen and Sokar.
Máahes..................Mihos, Miysis, Mysis
......"Wielder of the Knife"
Máat.......................Mait, Mayet
Menu.......................Min
Nit........................Neitwar
Nemty....... ("He who travels")
Nebthet....................Nephthys
Satet......................Satis
Sutekh.....................Setesh
Sobek......................S(o)uchos
Sokar......................Socharis
Wepuat/Upuaut..............Ophios
Sopdet.....................Sothis
TaueretTauret.Apet/Ipet....Thueris.
Tefnut.....................Tphenis
Djehuty................... Thoth

Ash...As)protector of the western desert and all oases and sometimes called "Lord of
Libya".

Atum...... ("The Completed One")
To-Remu....................Leontopolis
Anhur......................Onouris).........
......... "Sky Bearer"

Hat- (also Het-) Mehit was an unusual
goddess and the foremost of the very few
taking care of the rare cult of fish. She
came from Mendes, capital of nome16 in Lower Egypt. Her husband was Banebdjedet and their son was Harpakhrad. She was seen as a woman with a fish above her head and her name meant "she who is in front of all the fish" indicating that she was the fish-goddess from the mythological start when Egypt was said to emerged out of the water Nun. She could be seen as just a fish and cults of these were unusual in Egypt but in Esna was an old sanctuary to the big Nile perch (Lates Niloticus). This free supply of protein from the Nile was not disturbed by the fluctuating climate (floods) like cattle breeding and agriculture was.

Nile perch

Antaios was the Greek name of the very old
Egyptian deity Antwey of obscure origin. He
was in the oldest times depicted as two
falcons and there are royal marks from
before the first dynasty in this form.

Province number five in Upper Egypt had
during the whole history as its symbol two
falcons like the ones above left, though
sitting beside each other, which was the
normal artistic form of depiction. The
location, north of today's Qift (Koptos), is where the earliest Egyptian history is
thought to have emerged.

Antwey was an Egyptian form of their god Set and the Greeks called him as their own god Anataios.
Greek myths said that he was the king of
Libya and was slain by Heracles (Hercules)
who was, by one tale, connected to Egypt

Amentet (also Ament, Iment -it, -et)She
personified the world beyond - "Land of the
West" - Amenty.Her looks were of a woman
with object on her head. A falcon, an
ostrich feather and the sign for "west"
a decorated sistrum which was a common
rattle-instrument to make rhythmic sounds.
It's the same object that sometimes can be
seen on top of the head of goddess Hathor

The worshipping of lions took place in the
town of To-Remu, called Leontopolis
(Liontown) by the Greeks. It was situated
fifty km north of Heliopolis.

Anhur (Greek: Onouris) "Sky Bearer", a solar god from the Abydos area, and the city of Sebennytos. He was another form of Horus the Elder (Heru) but was also worshipped in conjunction with Shu, known as Anhur-Shu.He was the violent side of Re called "Killer of the Enemies" and as such depicted with his arm raise. His mother was Heret (Hathor) and his wife Mehit.

Buchis (Egyptian: Bekh) from Armant

I just discovered that Persepolis was also called Persepoli and Persepol. But in the Old Persian it was; “Pârseh-Gerd”…!

Please see; http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/News/Newsdate=16b-March-02.htm

We have just been through a story about “Gardos”, where I drew a relevance between the old archaic names of norse origin, - explaining the 13th century World Map, according to the Norse names – at that time and long before. Since the Scandinavian languages have NOT changed radically ever, - the cold and peaceful surroundings have protected both people, language and culture itself, - from changing at all...

Thus we may use that fact for a purpose, - as we compare it with other, ancient languages. Thus it is a fair go to make a small check, - by relating the basic words for "estate", such as "yard", "town", "baths" and "city"/"capitol centre".

And, still today we find a row of places ending with –gard, -stan, – bad or; –pol, -all over the Eurasian continent. Even more interesting when we check on the old, pre-roman silk-route.

Today we find the mentioned archaic names all across Eurasia, - from the old capitol Gardar of Greenland to Kas-gard in the old Turkmenistan, today Sin-ki-yang. Not to mention how “The Ball” also gets all over the same hemisphere, - from the Ball-ears to the Bal-kaj Sea, and Balkosh itself, todays Bactria.

Wheter this have any bearing in the matter I cant say, - but by and by we might become more able to adress the hardly apprehensional subtilities of the principle regarding semantic decrepancies between the expressional homonymium and its adequate synonymium.

Thus we may get a clue to names like the river “Avtrek” of the “Copper Valey”, south-east on the old “Casberg Sea” (Norse origin). Close to the cross-road for the Hindian saffron and the Chinese silk – both going west.

The famous old “car-a-vans” of Agra and Dehli - followed Indus all up to Gilgit, through Kara-korum and Palmyr to Fer-gan-a. The Silk-route went through Eastern Turkmenistan (Sinkiang) to Kas-gard and Fergana. Then onwards through Western Turkestan, down-lishedstreams the river of Dir-Sirya (Oxus?!) all the way to Samarkand, Bukkara and the ports of the Caspian Sea. Here the Afghan/Persian traders could join, via their “trek”, up and down “Copper Valey” to the harbour of Bandar Shah.

Now, WHO where their big trading-partner, who took all their goods from the Kaspian Sea? On the other side of the ocean lays Aser-bad-stan (The City of Baths - of The Aser). Straigth north there was the great harbours of As-tra-kar-an, or short; Astrakan. Trekking, rowing and sailing the great Volga (also called “Dal-o-ga”) all the way west, till todays Gorki and I-van-O. From there to Onekka (Onega), Ladokka (Ladoga), via the Vane-river (Neva) to The Bay of Vaner and the Ball-tic area, - home of Balder/Leminkinen and The Allfather in Oden, “the Oldest Kingdom in the world”, according to Vatican Papers of 1555.

Passing through Odens land and Hel-stad the traders sailed onwards to Gotland. Here the cargo was exchanged – through the city-magistrate, - to change hands and move on, - to western Europe. Then they turned their vessels – called Lax-orm-boats, loading European goods - before mowing through the Finnish Bay and into the great land east of Oden. called “The Land of Vaner”. Passing through Carelia, from where the Arians once emigrated. The Vaner from the Dales, called Van-dals, likewise emigrated, - to fill empty space in the Atlas Mountains and Valleys of Libya/Marocco. On the way they helped the Goths to cross a corrupt government of Rome. The poor Vandals are still suffering the blame…

Taken that we do know the framework on the Celts and Goths, - we may adress Germans, Saxons, English, Swedes, Finns, Careians, Russians to as different tribes. But they were still connected by the arctic nature and a due culture, - and by genetical strings since they all appear as arctic. And then there is the appearance of the Arians, that make a distinct connection to Persia. But it should be understood that the meeting between the arctic and the tropic already had established stable connections of long-distance trade already 7000 years ago. But the sub-arctic areas south to Kaukasus and Himalayas. Establishing trade and communication…

Thus I think we are closing in on probability, Riv…

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

BTW:
Please imagine a friendly race, from Bukkara to the Pillars of Hercules. Or Spain, - for that matter. One sails the northern rivers and waterfalls, - the other caravans over desserts and passes, to unload in Damaskus and sail onwards. Lets say that the minimum weight of goodies is no less than 1000 kilo. Who do you think will come first, with the goodies intact (!) – to the famous Gua-Dal-quivir (“Good-Dale-Quiver”) or even the Gua-Dal-aviar. In this district of Val-en-ci-a, they still worship the old legend of the blond mairmaid, an ancient “arn-mother”. – still guarding her decessors at sea. She is supposed to have arrived – over the Ocean – before from the well-known Visi-Gothic tribe moved into Iberia, crating Bar-Ce-lonia in the midst of Gota-lonia, i.e. “Gota-landia”)

Maybe we could even reach Samos,
before some six Assyrian pull-ox`
have reached the ports of old Tyr.
But that wa`s only before, the very first war.
Of envy.

APIS Advanced Papyrological Information System
http://www.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/cul/apis/apis?mode=search&match=all&sort=apis_number&resPerPage=25&any=&anyNoTrans=&institution=&submit=search&titleOrType=&author=&subject=&provena nce=¬es=&reference=&language=&material=papyr&beginDate=&beginDateEra=CE&endDate=&endDateEra=CE&pubnum_coll=&invnum_coll=&pubnum_vol=&invnum_num=&pubnum_page=&apisnum_inst=&apisn um_num=

The following website should make it pretty clear that he was the model for one of the 10 kings of Atlantis. You currently show the Greek word Azaes to mean "heat". But click on "Ash" in the following link, and the data should be quite convincing.

Ash represents hot desert oases which are west of Egypt, and he gradually evolved into Set during early part of the Old Kingdom. After Peribsen's defeat in the 2nd Dynasty, Ash was superceded by Set. http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm

The Egyptologists may be surprized if I demonstrate that the Old Kingdom actually used a hieroglyphic motto which translates into Greek language as "Atlantis".